Confusing Concepts 2
151
Armas: weapons or firearms
Anything can be considered a weapon. Firearms are guns and other weapons that produce some sort of an explosion. An arm is a part of your body.
Is a knife a weapon or a firearm?
Is a gun a weapon or a firearm?
Would your weapon of choice be a normal weapon or a firearm?
152
Nervous vs. Nervioso
Nervioso 1: A woman is on a bus and her kids are jumping around. She feels embarrassed and looks around apologetically saying Son nerviosos. In English, this would be They are hyperactive/They have excessive energy to burn.
Nervioso 2: A man is drunk in a bar and wants to hit someone with his keys. His friend looks around apologetically and says Es nervioso. In English, this would be HE is angry.
Nervioso 3: A man who is not very strong in his personality is getting robbed at gun point. The robber drops the gun by mistake. The scared man picks up the gun and his hands start trembling and shaking. This is the NERVOUS feeling in English.
Have you seen these hyperactive kids in public transport?
Have you seen drunk people like that whose friends are trying to make excuses for them?
Are you nervous before an exam?
How many meaning are there in Spanish usage?
How many can be taken to English?
lose your nerves = become scared and not go ahead
Talk about a situation where you saw someone lose their nerves.
vs.
lose your temper = get angry (perder los nervios en Castellano)
What are the consequences of losing your temper all the time on your health?
152
Last vs. Latest
The latest = lo mas reciente/the newest
What is the latest movie out?
When was the last time you bought the latest phone which was the newest one in the market?
vs.
The last = no hay mas despues
What was the last movie you watched?
What was your last/previous/ex boss like?
153
Context = related to language
Do you understand the context of the song/text?
vs.
Situation= related to what happens = scenarios
Do you understand the situation you are in?
154
tow truck = grua para llevar coches
Have you ever had to call a tow truck to tow your car after it broke down?
vs.
crane = grua para construccion
Do you know anyone who operates a crane?
155
agenda vs. diary vs. timetable
Incorrect: I opened my agenda
Correct: I opened my diary
agenda = el orden del dia – los planes – las prioridades
What is normally on the agenda of a company meeting? Objectives
vs.
diary = book in which you write you r appointments etc
Do you keep a diary in which you write down your thought? Note book type thing
vs.
schedule -timetable = horario
Do you have a diary for your timetable/schedule and appointments? Routine
diary = a book with your schedule and plans = daai @ri
What are the pros and cons of keeping a diary?
vs
daily = every day = dei li
Talk about your daily routine.
vs.
dairy = milk products = dei ri
Mention some dairy products.
156
lose hope = perder la esperanza
What makes someone lose hope?
vs.
desperate = urgently need
When was the last time you desperately needed to go to the toilet and couldn’t find one?
157
break = romper = solid things
Did you ever break a neighbour’s window while playing?
Give a list of solid things that can be broken. .
vs.
tear = romper = todo tejido o papel
Have you ever torn your trousers or shirt?
Give a list of things that can be torn.
fracture = bones
Have you ever had a fracture?
vs.
tear = tejidos
What are some possible ways that you can tear a muscle?
158
reading = lectura
Why is reading regularly important for us?
vs.
lecture = charla/conferencia
What are the pros and cons of university lectures where hundreds of students just sit there listening to explanations by a professor?
vs.
teacher = profesor vs. professor = catedrático
Are the teaching challenges the same for a teacher and a professor?
160
plate = item
Where do you keep your dishes/plates?
vs.
dish = item/food
Who used to do the dishes in your house when you were little?
What’s your favourite dish?
161
cause = provocar
What kinds of things can cause cancer?
How much damage can toxic people cause in a company/in a relationship?
vs.
provoke = provocar peleas
Why do people provoke others?
What kind of behaviour would provoke you into hitting someone?
162
Leave vs. Let
I let my kids play outside.
They let me have a break at 12.
Would you let your kids play outside in the dark?
What time would you let your workers have a morning break?
Is there a TO?
Is the concept about permission?
=
I allow my kids to play outside.
They allow me to have a break at 12.
Would you allow your kids to play outside in the dark?
What time would you allow your workers to have a morning break?
Is there a TO?
Is the concept about permission?
Vs.
I will leave you to do your work. This means that I am going and you can do your thing.
Why should we leave our students to discover some concepts themselves instead of giving them the answers?
Is the concept about permission?
Is the concept more about going and leaving the person alone to do something?
163
sanitary = de hygiene
What can you buy from a sanitary store?
Give examples sanitary products for females.
vs.
healthcare = salud
How good is the healthcare system in your country?
What is salary of a health worker like in your country?
sane = cuerdo
What kinds of things can affect the sanity of a sane person?
vs.
healthy = sano
What kinds of things can affect the health of a healthy person?
164
Torpe
clumsy = physically
Give examples of someone being clumsy physically.
vs.
awkward = socially
Give examples of someone being awkward socially or making awkward comments.
vs.
be hopeless at something = habilidad
How would you help someone who was hopeless at talking to the opposite sex.
165
book shop = libreria
What kinds of things can you buy from a book shop?
vs.
library = biblioteca
When was the last time you borrowed a book from a library?
166
to be cold = tener frio
When was the last time you were so cold that you were shivering?
vs.
to have a cold = estar constipado
What kinds of things help you when you have a cold?
vs.
constipated = estar estreñido
What can you do if you are constipated?
167
preservatives = conservantes
How was life before we started to put preservatives in food?
vs.
condoms = preservativos
What are the benefits of using condoms?
168
to be embarrassed = tener vergüenza
What kinds of things can make you feel embarrassed in a social situation?
vs.
to be pregnant = estar embarazada
What precautions are necessary to take when you are pregnant?
169
carry out/perform = realizar
What do you do to make sure that you carry out your tasks well?
What are the benefits of performing your duties in the best way possible?
vs.
realise = darse cuenta
Why have you never realised that realise doesn’t mean realizar?
Can you say REALISE OF SOMETHING? No
Do you have to say REALISE SOMETHING without the preposition OF? Yes
Have you realised that you have to use the verb realise without the preposition OF?
Talking about Santa Claus not existing, when did you realise that?
Have you realised that there is no preposition after the verb realise?
Do we realise things or do we realise about things?
I realised about that = incorrect
I realised that. Correct = no preposition
170
bargains = gangas
Which supermarket offers you the best bargains?
vs.
gangs = pandillas
Why do people join gangs?
171
titulo academico = qualification
What qualifications are required to do your job/your parents’ job?
vs.
Don/Sir/Doctor = title
Why don’t we use titles to refer to people nowadays like in the past?
vs.
title = the name of a book/article etc
What is the title of your favourite book?
172
to remember = recorder
What are some of the first memories you remember?
vs.
recollect = recorder
Can you recollect easily everything you did last weekend?
vs.
collect – gather – harvest – pick (fruit and flowers) = recolectar
Have you ever picked oranges from the trees?
How do charities collect money for their causes?
Have you ever seen a farmer harvesting the crop with your own eyes being there with them in person in the fields?
vs.
record = grabar
Why do people record their birthdays and other celebrations? Do you do that?
vs.
register – put your name down for – enrol = inscribirse
Why don’t Young people like to register themselves to go to the army?
Why don’t Young people like to put their names down for the army?
Why don’t Young people like to enrol in the army?
vs.
record = registrar
Why is it important to record all the important points in a register during work related meeting?
173
to insert (an object) = introducer
What are some items that you would find if you insert you hand in your mum’s handbag?
vs.
to introduce (people) = presentar
When was the last you introduced someone to another person?
174
letter = carta
When was the last time you wrote a letter to someone?
vs.
card (bank card) = tarjeta
What are the pros and cons of having a credit card?
175
Reason = motive
They have the reason = tienen el motivo
What are the reasons that people have when they ask for a divorce?
vs.
Be right = tener razon
They are right = tienen razon
Is it easy to stay quiet when you are right about something?
176
The degree = university studies
What are the most popular degrees in your community?
vs.
The grade = el nivel de algo/notas
Did you use to get good grades in your maths class?
vs.
Career = la vida profesional tuya
What are some problems that people face during their career?
177
belonging – to belong = pertenencia – pertener
What‘s your most valuable belonging? How long has it belonged to you?
vs.
heritage = patrimonio cultural
What is a cultural heritage of yours that you are proud of?
vs.
inheritance = herencia
What are some possible issues that can arise over inheritance?
178
redecorate = decorar lo de nuevo
How would you redecorate your house?
vs.
refurbish = remueblar
How much would it cost to refurbish your house?
vs.
renovate = renovar = obra
What would you have done if you were to renovate your house?
vs.
renew = renovar = papeles
When was the last time you renewed your Passport?
179
woods = forest = la S no se puede quitar como la palabra NEWSSSSSS
Do you have any woods in your area?
Do you have any forests near your area?
What do you think of the destruction of the Amazon rainforests?
vs.
wood = Madera = no S = uncountable como agua
Is your dining table made of wood or glass?
180
Reform = Systems
How would you reform your society? Which reforms are required?
vs.
Renovate = Property
Have you ever renovated you house?
vs.
Revise = To memorise
What are the benefits of revising the material before an exam?
vs.
Review = second reading
Why should we always review our work before handing it in?
vs.
Check = General (looking for accuracy)
Why is it important to check the quality of your products before sending them to the market?
181
Direction = instrucciones
Which direction is your life going in?
How would you get the direction of a new place you were going to?
vs.
Management = direccion en empresas
What are the signs of good management in a company?
vs.
Address = direccion de vivienda
Why shouldn’t we tell everyone our address?
182
Remember vs. Remind
Remember = acordarse = memory
I remember my childhood, but my sister doesn't remember her childhood because her memory is really bad now.
Vs.
Remind = recordar = aviso/alertas/you make me remember
You remind me of a friend from my childhood.
I will remind her to do her work on time.
What do you remember about your first day at school?
Vs.
Do you need someone to remind you to do your important tasks?
Does a famous person remind you of any member of your family?
Will you remember to remind me to buy some bread tomorrow morning?
Do you remember to do your work or does someone need to remind you?
If you don’t remember, then some has to remind you.
Do you have an app that sends you reminders to help you remember events and tasks?
183
Break vs. Tear = romper
You can break a window, but you tear a shirt.
Break = romper = solid things
Have you ever broken a bone? What would you do if your neighbours’ kids broke a window of yours while playing football?
Vs.
Tear = romper/rasgar = cloth/paper/muscles/ligaments = todo tejido
Have you ever torn a muscle? Why would someone tear up a letter?
184
esperar
I have been standing here waiting for the bus for ten minutes. It’s expected to be here in a few minutes. I hope that it’s not late.
wait for = only time
What is the longest you have waited for a friend?
vs.
expect = expectative based on evidence
If you see dark clouds, what kind of weather would you expect to have?
vs.
hope = Desire
What kind of weather are you hoping for for this weekend?
185
Is the word equipment countable or uncountable? Equipo
It’s Uncountable and there is No s with it
What kind of sports equipment is necessary to play tennis?
vs.
team = equipo (people working together)
What are the qualities of a good team?
186
tener sentido = make sense
It doesn’t have any sense. = incorrect
It doesn’t make any sense. = correct
What kinds of things don’t make sense to you about this world?
187
Different ways to say CITA in English
Appointment = official
What was the last appointment you made?
vs.
Date = romantic
What kinds of things do people talk about on their first date?
vs.
Meeting = business
What kinds of things are discussed at business meetings?
vs.
Get together = family and friends
What do you guys do at a family get together?
188
We don’t say: She is the responsible of the department.
We say: She is in charge of the department.
Incorrect: if things go wrong, you are THE RESPONSIBLE .The responsible will be angry.
Responsible is an adjective not a noun = culpable
We don’t use THE with the word RESPONSIBLE
Be in charge of something = ser responsable/encargdo de algo = authority
Correct: if things wrong, you are RESPONSIBLE. The person in charge will be angry.
Be in charge of = Ser responsable de/Estar encargado de
She is the responsible of the department doesn’t exit.
Be in charge of = power and control
If you were in charge of the tourism industry, what changes would you introduce?
Vs.
Be responsible for = culpability or the opposite
In a team, why is everyone responsible for the results?
What kinds of responsibilities come with being in charge of a department? Hierarchy
Vs.
Who is responsible for the corruption in your system? Culpability
189
Borrow = Take temporarily = pedir prestado (recibir)
Take something from someone temporarily
Borrow something from someone
Have you ever borrowed money from a friend?
How much money can you borrow from your friends compared to your family?
vs.
Lend = Give temporarily = prestar (dar)
Give something to someone temporarily
Lend something to someone
Have you ever lent money to a friend?
Why do some people think that it is a bad idea to lend money to friends?
190
reirse vs. burlarse de
You laugh to myself = Only you know
Talk about a time you laughed to yourself.
vs.
You laugh with them = Everyone is happy
Why should we only laugh with people and not at them?
vs.
You laugh at them = Someone is suffering
You make fun of them = Someone is suffering
You take the Mickey out of them = Someone is suffering
Why is it a bad idea to laugh at people when they fail?
Why is it a bad idea to make fun of someone?
Why is it a bad idea to take the Mickey out of someone?
191
Patinar
ice-skating in an ice-rink
Do you have an ice-rink for ice-skating in your city?
vs.
roller-skating
Have you ever done roller skating around the city?
vs.
skating with a skateboard
Which is easier: roller skating or skateboarding?
192
llegar a una conclusion
Reach to the conclusion = incorrect
no preposition with the verb reach = Reach the conclusion = correct
Come to the conclusion
Get to the conclusion
Arrive at the conclusion
What kinds of things can help us reach a conclusion about a given situation?
What kinds of things can help us come to a conclusion about a given situation?
What kinds of things can help us get to a conclusion about a given situation?
What kinds of things can help us arrive at a conclusion about a given situation?
193
instead of vs. instead
Instead of is a preposition and means 'in place of’ or 'as an alternative'.
Don't confuse instead of with instead (without of), which is an adverb and is used at the beginning or the end of a clause (In spoken English, at the end).
Why do some people have coffee instead of tea?
Why did Leonardo di Caprio’s character choose to die instead of Kate Winslet’s character at the end of Titanic?
Why do some people prefer to start their own businesses instead of working for someone?
vs.
If coffee wasn’t available, what would you have instead?
If you were too tired to go out with your friends, what would you do instead?
If your favourite restaurant was closed, where would you go to eat instead?
A lot of + noun vs. A lot (adverb: at the end of a sentence)
Pay attention to the position of the words and how they combine with other words.
Do you have a lot of free time at the weekends?
Would you like to have a lot of free time or a lot of money?
Do you have any friend who has a lot of books in his/her house?
vs.
What are the benefits of working out a lot?
Do you know someone who works a lot?
When was the last time you laughed a lot?
194
capital punishment/death sentence = pena de muerte
Are you in favour of capital punishment/death sentence?
vs.
life sentence = cadena perpetua
How would you stay sane through a life sentence?
vs.
corporal punishment = hitting someone as punishment
Why did they use to use corporal punishment at schools and why did they stop?
195
Breathe in = Take a deep breath = inhale = Breathe out = let your breath out = exhale
Do you ever sit there just breathing in and breathing out to relax?
vs.
Hold your breath = aguanta
How long can you hold your breath for?
196
Pretend = fingir
Can you tell/notice if someone is only pretending to be happy?
vs.
Try – want – intend = pretender
What do you think of people who try to make everyone happy?
What do you intend to do about your biggest challenge?
197
tasa = rate
interest rate = tasa de interes
Which bank gives the best interest rates?
birth rate = tasa de nacimiento
Why is the birth rate so low in your country?
198
learn, know, teach + how to + verb
I can teach you how to do this. Then, you will know how to do this because you will learn how to do this properly with me.
sabes nadar = sabes como nadar
Do you know how to swim? Do you know how to drive? Who taught you how to drive?
199
be updated = estar actualizado
How often is your computer updated?
vs.
be up to date = estar al dia (conocimiento o ritmo)
Are you up to date with what is happening around the world?
200
stay = permanecer/quedar o estar en un sitio – larga duracion
When was the last time you stayed home while everyone else went out?
When was the last time you stayed at a friend’s house?
vs.
be = estar
What did you do the last time you were in another city?
What did you do the last time you were with your friends?
vs.
spend time = quedar para pasar tiempo
How often do you spend time with your friends?
201
curso = (academic) year
my fist year
my second year
my last year
1st year of primary school
2nd year of high school
What are the most common problems that kids face in their first year at high school?
vs.
course = designed and planned subject matter
This English course is going to last 3 months.
What would you learn in a cookery/yoga course?
202
different types of tastes
sweet = dulce
salty = savoury = salado
sour – tangy = acido
bitter = amargo
Mention some dishes for each of these tastes above.
Which taste appeals to your taste buds (Papilas gustativas)?
When was the last time you tasted (probar)something that tasted (saber) so good that you fell in love with it?
203
marca de productos = brand
What is your favourite brand of clothes?
vs.
marca de coche = make
modelo de coche = model
make = VW
model = golf
What is your favourite make and model?
204
Look at
Listen to
Depend on
Spend on
Consist of
Think about
These are six of the most common verbs in the English language. If you LOOK AT them carefully, you will notice that they CONSIST OF a verb + preposition. In class, I always LISTEN TO all of my students using the prepositions incorrectly with these verbs. Please, SPEND some time ON memorising these combinations. Your progress DEPENDS ON this. THINK ABOUT the literal translation that comes in your way and change your chip with regards to these verbs + preposition.
What are you LOOKING AT at the moment?
What kind of music do you LISTEN TO in your free time?
Who do you DEPEND ON for advice?
How much time do you need to SPEND ON this concept to internalise these prepositions?
How many verbs does this group of verbs CONSIST OF?
How long do you need to THINK ABOUT these verbs + prepositions to learn them?
205
download = bajar del internet
What kinds of things do people download off the Internet compared to the kinds of things they upload onto the Internet?
vs.
lower = bajar algo
When was the last itme you asked someone to lower their voice/lower the volume of a song they were listening to?
206
Incorrect: she was specialised in that
Correct: she specialised in that / she was a specialist in that
Specialise in (without the verb to BE)
What does your best friend specialise in?
vs.
Be a specialist in (the verb to BE with a noun)
Are you a specialist in anything?
207
Incorrect: routinary things
Correct: routine things
The word routinary doesn’t exist in English
What are some routine things that are part of your life?
208
Incorrect: we buy things TO China
Correct: we buy things FROM China
Buy something from someone/somewhere
Buy TO doesn’t exit
Where do you buy your bread from?
Where do you buy your clothes from?
Where do you buy your fruit from?
vs.
Who do you buy gifts for?
209
Incorrect: people are with this problem
Correct: people have this problem
En English, cuando estas con algo se ve como que lo tienes, so we use Have in this case
How long has your country had problems with unemployment?
What kinds of problems do people have nowadays that they didn’t have in the past?
Who do you talk to when you have problems?
210
Incorrect: I RELATION the word clothes to the fashion industry.
Correct: I LINK/CONNECT the word clothes to the fashion industry.
Relation is a noun not a verb
What do you relate/link/connect the word happiness to?
What do you relate/link/connect success to?
What do you relate/link/connect the current social issues to?
211
You hit someone = you do the action
You GET hit = it happens to you
You eat something = you do the action
You GET eaten = it happens to you (perhaps a lion eats you)
When was the time you saw someone hit another person?
Have you ever got/been hit by someone?
When was the last time you ate a whole chicken?
vs.
Have you ever seen an animal get/be eaten by a crocodile in a documentary on TV?
212
wrap = envolver
Why do people wrap gifts?
Why do some people like to pop bubble wrap?
vs.
involve = involucrar
What does being a parent involve?
What does being a teacher involve?
What does your job involve?
213
too realistic = too + adj
Why is it a bad idea to be too realistic in relationships?
Why was the last time you were too tired to even walk?
How can you motivate kids who are too lazy?
vs
too much water – too many glasses of water
too many/much + noun
Why shouldn’t we eat too much food?
How many cups of coffee are too many cups of coffee in a day?
What kinds of jobs don’t require too much hard work?
214
romper vs. Rasgar vs. averia vs. no funcionar
break = solid things
Did you ever break a neighbour’s window while playing when you were a kid?
vs.
tear = rasgar = tela/todo tejido
Why would someone tear a letter?
vs.
break down = tener averia (big machinery/engines + averia emocional)
Have you ever been in a car that broke down?
How would you help someone who broke down in front of you
vs.
stop working = devices/appliances
What would you do if your laptop stops working?
215
succeed (verb) = tener exito
What do you need to do to succeed in life?
What do you need to do to succeed in business?
vs.
Be successful (verb + adjective) = tener exito
What do you need to do to be successful in life?
What do you need to do to be successful in business?
216
ilusion
illusion = see something that is not really there
Is freedom only an illusion in current system of governance?
vs.
hope/dream = ilusion de deseo
What hopes and dreams do young people have when they first begin their career?
excitement/be excited about = ilusion de emocion
When was the last time you felt a lot of excitement for a special occasion that was about to come?
217
sensible = prudente
How do sensible people deal with problems?
vs.
sensitive = sensible
What are the pros and cons of being sensitive?
218
scratch = rascar
vs.
itch = picar
Who would scratch your back if it was itching really badly?
219
Semi private = concertado
vs.
State school
Public school (am) = publico
vs.
private school
Public school (br) = privado
What are the similarities and differences between each of these kinds of schools?
What are the pros and cons of each of these types of schools?
220
wholesale = por mayor
vs.
retail = por menor
What is the difference between these two different types of businesses?
221
lose time = te quita tiempo de otra cosa (puede ser algo bueno pero no es bueno para el momento)
What kinds of things do you lose time on at work?
vs.
waste time = un desecho complete
Give examples of things which are a waste of time for you.
222
lose = a possession
What’s the most valuable thing you have ever lost?
vs.
miss = transport/opportunity
Why do people sometimes miss their flight/train/bus?
223
tablet = device
What are the harms of giving kids a tablet for many hours a day to watch stuff?
vs.
bar of chocolate = chocolate
What’s your favourite bar of chocolate?
224
motor = de maquinas
Have you ever seen a motor that extracts water from the ground?
vs.
engine = de coche
What size engine does/did your father’s car have?
vs.
motorbike = two wheeled vehicle with an engine
What are the pros and cons of having a motorbike?
225
Christmas Eve (noche Buena) vs. New year’s eve (noche vieja)
Who did you spend these two days with last year?
vs.
Christmas day (dia de navedad) vs. New year’s day (1st January)
What is special about these two days for people?
226
choir (kwaai @r) = coro
Do you know anyone who sings in a choir?
vs.
chorus = estribillo
What do you think of songs that become popular only due to very catchy chorus without having any nice and meaningful lyrics?
vs.
Lyrics = letra
Do you use lyrics in your language learning? What are the pros and cons of learning with song lyrics?
227
story = cuento
What are the benefits of reading bedtime stories
vs.
history = la historia
What do you think of the idea that history repeats itself?
228
Take off = quitar
Why shouldn’t we take off our jacket if it is freezing cold?
Are you able to take stuff off the highest shelf without having to stand on something to reach the stuff in question?
Why would the authorities take off someone’s driving license?
Vs.
Take out = sacar
When was the last time you had a tooth taken out?
What would I see if I asked you to take everything out of your pocket?
229
have a relationship with someone = tener una relacion de amistad de pareja de trabajo etc
How can you have a good relationship with your colleagues/classmates/family members forever?
vs.
have relations with someone = have sex
Why is it important to have relations with your partner regularly in a relationship?
vs.
international relations = between countries
Why are good international relations important for a country?
230
lie down = acostar
How long does it normally take you to fall asleep after lying down on your bed at bedtime?
vs.
accost = abordar (a alguien)
Have you ever seen a person being accosted by another in a public place?
231
ace = as
Why would someone be called an ace?
vs.
ass = culo, asno
Have you ever seen someone hitting the ass of an ass with a stick?
232
school = colegio
What do you learn at school?
vs.
college = University level institute for academic studies and vocational training
What do you learn at college?
vs.
colleague = workmate = companero de trabajo
vs.
How should you behave around your colleagues?
High school diploma = titulo de haber terminado la educacion secundaria
Do you know anyone who doesn’t even have a high school diploma?
vs.
baccalaureate = bachillerato
How is baccalaueate different from the previous high school education?
vs.
bachelor's degree = licenciatura
master’s degree = un master
degree = educacion universitaria
Is getting a bachelor’s degree the same from any university or do employers value some universities over others?
vs.
career = profession/professional life only
What are some popular careers nowadays?
schoolboy = escolar
What are the dreams of a schoolboy?
vs.
scholar = erudito
What are the challenges of a scholar?
233
dancer = bailarina
vs.
ballerina = bailarina de ballet
What’s the difference between a dancer and a ballerina?
Who do you prefer to watch perform?
234
moustache = bigote
vs.
bigot = intolerante, persona que tiene prejuicio
Do you know any bigot who has a moustache?
235
soft = blando
Why do we give babies and old people soft foods?
vs.
bland = soso, insípido
Which dishes taste bland to you?
236
comfort = comodidad
What kinds of things bring comfort to your life?
vs.
commodity = product/cosas de valor que posee uno
Give examples of some valuable commodities.
237
pair of compasses = compás
vs.
compass = brújula
What are the differences in the use of a pair of compasses and a compass?
238
driver = conductor
What are the responsibilities of a bus driver?
vs.
conductor = director de orquesta
What are the responsibilities of a conductor?
239
coffee = café
vs.
café = cafetería
vs.
cafetería = cantina
Which café serves the best coffee in your area?
What is the environment like in a hospital cafeteria compared to a normal one?
240
a person's build = complexión
How would you describe your build?
vs.
complexion = tez
Why do some people have a complex about their complexion?
241
friendliness = simpatía
vs.
sympathy = compasión
What is the difference between friendliness and sympathy?
get along with = simpatizar
Who do you get along with the most in your extended family?
vs.
sympathise = compadecer
Do you sympathise with trade unions?
242
translate = traducir
Why shouldn’t we translate literally from Spanish to English?
vs.
traduce = difamar
How would you deal with a person who tried to traduce your character?
vs.
move = trasladar
How many times have you moved in your life?
243
trap = trampa
Would you agree with someone who says that social media is a trap?
vs.
tramp = vagabundo
Why would someone become a tramp?
244
vowel = vocal
Do you know all the vowel sounds in English?
vs.
vocal = que hace hincapié, que alza la voz
Would you like to be vocal about any social, economic or political issue?
What is the role of our vocal chords in our body?
245
octopus = pulpo
How intelligent do you think an octopus is?
vs.
pulp = pulpa
The pulp of which fruit do you find the tastiest?
246
worried = preocupado
What kinds of issues are you worried about?
vs.
preoccupied = distraído
What is it important to make sure that we are not preoccupied when doing an important task?
247
plot/piece of land = parcela
How expensive is a plot of land in your area compared to your neighbouring area?
vs.
parcel = paquete
When was the last time you sent or received a parcel? What did the parcel contain?
248
annoy = molestar – fastidiar
What kinds of things annoy you about your neighbours/society?
vs.
molest abusar (sexualmente)
What can be done to deal with the risk of adults molesting minors?
vs.
fastidious = perfeccionista, detallista, exigente
What are the pros and cons of being fastidious?
249
poverty = miseria/pobreza
vs.
misery = sufrimiento
What kind of misery does poverty cause in a person’s life?
250
maybe = a lo mejor
Would you say that maybe Mesi is the best football player in the world?
vs.
the best-case scenario = en el mejor de los casos
In the best case scenario, what would you do if you left your current job/school?
251
poisoning = intoxicación
What are some common causes of food poisoning?
vs.
intoxication – inebriation = embriaguez
Why is even a little intoxication illegal while driving?
vs.
drunk = borracho
What are some common silly things that drunk people do?
vs.
tipsy = achispado
How can a tipsy person make sure that they stay that way?
vs.
be legless = estar tan borracho que no puedes estar de pie
Have you ever had to help someone who was legless?
252
minor crime = delito
Do you consider fraud a minor crime or a serious crime?
vs.
crime – serious crime = crimen – delincuencia
Give examples of some minor and serious crimes?
vs.
delinquency = delincuencia juvenil
What are the causes of delinquency in young people?
253
for vs. by
1: This painting is for you, and it was made by your mum with a new paint brush.
vs.
2: This painting was made by you for your mum.
Which one means para?
Which one means por in the passive sentences?
In which sentence, you are the recipient?
In which sentence, you are the giver?
By = por = passive sentences
Who was Don Quixote written by?
Who was The Mona Lisa painted by?
vs,
For = para
What do you use your mobile for?
Who did you buy gifts for at Christmas?
vs.
by = al lodo de
Do you have a river that you can walk by admiring the beauty of nature?
Have you ever sat by the phone at home thinking of calling someone and then didn’t do it?
vs.
on = por (internet y despositivos?
Who do you talk to the most on the phone?
What do you like watching on TV?
What kind of stuff do they have on on the radio?
How much time do you spend online/on the Internet?
for = durante + periodo
When was the last time you went on vacation for a month?
Have you been working in your current company for over a year?
Have you been living in your current house for over six months?
vs.
during = durante + sustantivo
What did you do during your summer holidays?
What do you normally do during your winter holidays?
How can you get students to focus during their class?
254
ease – finding things easy to do = facilidad
Do you find it easy to learn new concepts?
vs.
facility = instalación
Which hospital has the best facilities in your city? Describe them.
255
language = idioma
Which languages are popular nowadays?
vs.
idiom = modismo
Tell me a couple of English idioms that you know.
256
monkfish = rape
Have you ever eaten monkfish?
vs.
rape = violación
vs.
Why do some people rape?
barber = rapista
Did your dad go to the barber for a shave or do it himself at home?
vs.
rapist = violador
What should be the punishment for a rapist?
257
event = suceso
What is the most intersting event of this/last year for you?
vs.
success = éxito
What kinds of things lead to success in life?
vs.
exit = salida
Did you have to pay at the entrance or the exit of the last car park you went to?
vs.
opportunity = salida
What opportunities does an engineering degree give you?
258
aroused = excitado
How do professional people control being aroused at work?
vs.
excited = emocionado
What kinds of things make you excited?
259
detention & apprehension = aprehensión/comprension
How would you survive a long term detention psychologically?
Have you ever seen anyone help the police apprehend a criminal in a public place?
Do you have any apprehensions about the current state of the world or are you satisfied with everything?
Do you have enough knowledge of politics for a proper apprehension of the topic?
260
final = the last part of an event or program
Do you like watching the whole competition or just the final?
vs.
finale = climax of an event or program
What happened during the finale of your favourite series?
261
cooker (aparato)
Which one do you prefer to cook on: a gas cooker or an electric cooker?
vs.
cook (person)
Who is the best cook you know?
vs.
Chef (a professional cook managing a team in a kitchen)
What are the duties of a chef?
262
Look vs. Look like
Look + adjective
Do you know anyone who looks younger than they are?
vs.
Look like + noun
Do you look like anyone in your family?
263
lose someone = muere la persona
How should you console someone who has lost someone close?
vs.
lose contact with someone = perder el contacto
Talk about someone you wish you hadn’t lost contact with.
vs.
fall out with someone = dejar de hablar por discutir mal
Why do people fallo ut with their friends?
264
competition = competencia
How should a business deal with the competition in the market?
vs.
competence = habilidad
What qualities are necessary for someone to show competence in their job?
265
headphones = oriculares vs. a headset = oriculares con microfono
Compare headphones to a headset.
vs.
speakers = altavoces
What are the harms of turning your speakers up completely all the time?
266
distress = poner estrés
What kinds of things distress people?
vs.
de-stress = quitar el esters
What kinds of things help people to de-stress?
267
far = used only in questions (the answer would use the word AWAY)
How far do you live from the centre of your town?
vs.
away = used in questions and answer
How many minutes away from your parents do your grandparents live?
268
be a part of = formar parte de
How happy are you/would you be to have pets as a part of your family?
vs.
take part in = participar
How often do you take part in social activities?
269
bakery: panaderia
How often do you go to your local bakery?
vs.
patisserie: pasteleria
What kinds of things can you buy at a patisserie that your local bakery doesn’t have?
270
selfish = egoista
Why are some people so selfish?
vs.
shellfish = los mariscos
How often do you eat shellfish?
vs
a selfie = foto de ti mismo que sacas tu
What do you think of people taking selfies striking a pose in public places?
271
national anthem = himno de un país
Did they teach you your national anthem at school?
vs.
hymn = religioso
Did you ever hear your grandparents reciting any hymns when you were little?
272
taste: sabe algo
Have you ever tasted bread that tastes of garlic?
vs.
taste: probar
Have you ever tasted Indian food that tasted too hot?
273
turn off = enchufes/fuego de cocina
Have you ever forgotten to turn something off before leaving the house?
vs.
put out/extinguish = incendio
Have you ever had to put out a fire?
vs.
go extinct = extinguirse de especies
Why are so many species going extinct?
274
brilliant = excellent
Talk about a brilliant performance by a sports person in a competition.
Who is a brilliant singer for you?
vs.
intelligent/smart/bright = inteligente
Who is the most intelligent person you know?
Who is the smartest person you know?
Who is the brightest person you know?
vs.
bright = brillante de luz/inteligente
How bright do you like your pone screen to be?
Who is the brightest person you know?
Do you enjoy it when the sun is shining bright?
vs.
smart = bien vestido/inteligente
Why is it important to dress up smart?
Who is the smartes tperson you know?
275
something unforeseen = unexpected = good or bad
Talk about something unforeseen that was actually benefitted you in some way.
vs.
a mishap = imprevisto = bad only
How should we try to deal with mishaps during a project/in life?
276
shout = gritar
how can you stop kids from shouting all the time?
vs.
scream = chillar
When was the last time you heard a horrible scream?
vs.
cry = llorar/gritar
When was the last time you saw someone crying?
Why would someone cry for help?
277
features = technology (they are part of the user experience) o rasgos de una persona
What are some features that your mobile phone/laptop has that your friend’s one doesn’t?
Describe your best friend’s facial features.
vs.
specifications = (capacity y de que esta hecho algo)
Do you read the specifications that are written on labels and the manuals that come with the items that you buy?
278
such as = for example (used to give examples)
Where do you go to buy clothes, such as jeans, shirts and jackets etc?
vs.
as = because
When was the last time you turned down your friends’ invitation to go somewhere as you were really tired?
279
experience/go through = vivir/sufrir algo
live and suffer a situation = incorrect
What kinds of difficulties do people go through during their life?
vs.
experiment = try something = intentar algo
Why do some young people experiment with drugs and others don’t?
280
safety = accidents
What kinds of rules are in place at schools for the safety of the students?
vs.
security = attacks
What kinds of security measures are in place in your country in case of an attack?
vs.
sure = opinions
Why is it important to be sure about the facts before entering an argument?
vs.
self confidence = en ti mismo
Why is it important to have self confidence?
281
close: temporary/para el dia
What time does your local supermarket close every day?
vs.
close down: permanent
What are some common reason why a business would close down?
282
carry over your holidays
Are you allowed to carry over your holidays to another time in the future in the year?
vs.
bring forward
Have you ever had to bring forward an appointment/meeting?
283
pay attention to someone = dar importancia
How well did you pay attention to your teachers in class?
vs.
listen to someone = obedecer/dar importancia
Did you always listen to your parents when you were little?
284
Do work experience = hacer practicas
Why is it important for young people to do work experience?
vs.
do an internship = ser becario
What kind of company would you like do an internship in?
vs.
be/stay in a boarding school = ser internado
What is it like to stay in a boarding school?
vs.
be/stay in a residence hall = estar en un colegio mayor
Do you know anyone who stayed in a residence hall of a university?
vs.
take part in training = participar en algun tipo de formacion
Have you ever taken part in training of any kind?
285
publish = in written format
What kind of stuff is being published in the news nowadays?
vs.
make public = inform = how it is done is not the focus
What kinds of things does the government make public?
286
destiny = fate
Do you believe in destiny?
vs.
destination = place
What is your favourite destination for a holiday?
287
ent (adjective) vs. ence (noun)
be confident = have confidence
be patient = have patience
Why is it important to be confident?
Why is it important to have confidence
Why is it important to be patient?
Why is it important to have patience?
Why is it important to be prudent?
Why is it important to show prudence?
Why is it important to be obedient to your parents?
Why is it important to show obedience to your parents?
288
ask questions = preguntar
Why shouldn’t we ask people personal questions when we first meet them?
vs.
give answers = responder/contestar
Who gives you the best answers to your questions about life?
289
vamos a hacer algo vs. vamos a hacer algo
let’s separate the two idea if not we are going to mix them up
let’s do something = now
Would you come along if I said to you “Let’s go to the gym”?
vs.
we are going to do something = in the future
What are we going to do if climate change becomes even worse?
290
Incorrect: for the one side – on the other side
Correct: on the one hand – on the other hand
On the one hand if you had your family and on the other hand you had your job, which one would you choose?
291
verb = live 🡪 lives
Where you live?
Can you tell me where your best friend lives?
vs.
noun = life 🡪 lives
Why do they say that life is beautiful?
How many lives were affected by the last natural disaster?
vs.
adjective = live
When was the last time you heard live music?
292
roof
Have you ever climbed to the roof of any building?
vs.
ceiling
Where do they have fans on the ceiling in your country?
293
in the corner
Why should we never force people in the corner?
vs
on/at the corner
When was the last time you waited for someone at the corner of a street?
294
Achieve + collocation (objetivos)
Achieve your dream
Achieve your goal
Achieve your aim
Achieve your objective
Achieve your target
What kinds of things can help you to achieve your goals?
vs.
Obtain/Get a new client
How can a company obtain new clients?
vs.
Buy/get some bread
Where do you go to get/buy bread?
vs.
Gain respect
What’s the best way to gain respect in life?
295
gymnastics = acrobacia
Which discipline is your favourite in gymnastics?
vs.
gymnasium/gym = gymnasia
What did/do you do during the gymnasium lesson at school?
296
spectator = at the sport event
What are some common issues that spectators have to deal with?
vs.
viewer = watching on TV
Which TV programs attract the most viewers in your country?
vs.
member of the audience = inside the TV studio/publico
What would it be like to be a member of the audience?
no one
vs
none
vs.
anyone
prescription
vs.
recipe
a friend of the environment
vs.
a friend from school
suppliers = productos
vs.
providers = servicio
besides: ademas de
vs.
beside = a lado de
on time = punctual
vs.
in time = con tiempo
meaning
vs.
significance
vs.
sense
vs.
feeling
299
of vs. from
Â
a friend of the environment = tener mucho cariño para algo
Are you a friend of our planet?
vs.
a friend from school = origin
Tell me a little about a friend of yours from another city/country?
300
suppliers = productos = provedors
Do you know any suppliers of dairy products?
vs.
providers = servicio = provedores
Whic company is the best Internet provider in your area?