Confusing Concepts 2

151

Armas: weapons or firearms 


Anything can be considered a weaponFirearms are guns and other weapons that produce some sort of an explosion. An arm is a part of your body. 


Is a knife a weapon or a firearm?

Is a gun a weapon or a firearm?


Would your weapon of choice be a normal weapon or a firearm?

152

Nervous vs. Nervioso 


Nervioso 1: A woman is on a bus and her kids are jumping around. She feels embarrassed and looks around apologetically saying Son nerviosos. In English, this would be They are hyperactive/They have excessive energy to burn.

Nervioso 2: A man is drunk in a bar and wants to hit someone with his keys. His friend looks around apologetically and says Es nervioso. In English, this would be HE is angry. 

Nervioso 3: A man who is not very strong in his personality is getting robbed at gun point. The robber drops the gun by mistake. The scared man picks up the gun and his hands start trembling and shaking. This is the NERVOUS feeling in English.


Have you seen these hyperactive kids in public transport?

Have you seen drunk people like that whose friends are trying to make excuses for them?

Are you nervous before an exam? 


How many meaning are there in Spanish usage? 

How many can be taken to English?


lose your nerves = become scared and not go ahead 

Talk about a situation where you saw someone lose their nerves.

vs.

lose your temper = get angry (perder los nervios en Castellano)

What are the consequences of losing your temper all the time on your health? 

152

Last vs. Latest 


The latest = lo mas reciente/the newest 

What is the latest movie out? 

When was the last time you bought the latest phone which was the newest one in the market?

vs. 

The last = no hay mas despues 

What was the last movie you watched?

What was your last/previous/ex boss like?

153

Context = related to language

Do you understand the context of the song/text? 

vs.  

Situation= related to what happens = scenarios

Do you understand the situation you are in? 

154

 tow truck = grua para llevar coches 

Have you ever had to call a tow truck to tow your car after it broke down? 

vs.

crane = grua para construccion 

Do you know anyone who operates a crane?

155

agenda vs. diary vs. timetable 


Incorrect: I opened my agenda 

Correct: I opened my diary 


agenda = el orden del dia – los planes – las prioridades 

What is normally on the agenda of a company meeting? Objectives 

vs.

diary = book in which you write you r appointments etc 

Do you keep a diary in which you write down your thought? Note book type thing

vs.

schedule -timetable = horario 

Do you have a diary for your timetable/schedule and appointments? Routine 


diary = a book with your schedule and plans = daai @ri

What are the pros and cons of keeping a diary? 

vs

daily = every day = dei li

Talk about your daily routine. 

vs. 

dairy = milk products = dei ri

Mention some dairy products. 

156

lose hope = perder la esperanza

What makes someone lose hope

vs. 

desperate = urgently need

When was the last time you desperately needed to go to the toilet and couldn’t find one? 

157

 break = romper = solid things 

Did you ever break a neighbour’s window while playing? 

Give a list of solid things that can be broken. . 

vs.

tear = romper = todo tejido o papel 

Have you ever torn your trousers or shirt? 

Give a list of things that can be torn. 


fracture = bones 

Have you ever had a fracture? 

vs.

tear = tejidos 

What are some possible ways that you can tear a muscle?

158

reading = lectura 

Why is reading regularly important for us?

vs. 

lecture = charla/conferencia 

What are the pros and cons of university lectures where hundreds of students just sit there listening to explanations by a professor? 

vs.

teacher = profesor vs. professor = catedrático

Are the teaching challenges the same for a teacher and a professor? 

160

plate = item 

Where do you keep your dishes/plates?

vs. 

dish = item/food 

Who used to do the dishes in your house when you were little?

What’s your favourite dish? 

161

cause = provocar 

What kinds of things can cause cancer?

How much damage can toxic people cause in a company/in a relationship? 

vs.

provoke = provocar peleas 

Why do people provoke others? 

What kind of behaviour would provoke you into hitting someone?

162

Leave vs. Let 


I let my kids play outside. 

They let me have a break at 12.

Would you let your kids play outside in the dark?

What time would you let your workers have a morning break? 

Is there a TO? 

Is the concept about permission? 

=

I allow my kids to play outside. 

They allow me to have a break at 12.

Would you allow your kids to play outside in the dark?

What time would you allow your workers to have a morning break? 

Is there a TO? 

Is the concept about permission? 


Vs. 


I will leave you to do your work. This means that I am going and you can do your thing. 

Why should we leave our students to discover some concepts themselves instead of giving them the answers?

Is the concept about permission? 

Is the concept more about going and leaving the person alone to do something? 

163

sanitary = de hygiene 

What can you buy from a sanitary store?

Give examples sanitary products for females.

vs. 

healthcare = salud

How good is the healthcare system in your country?

What is salary of a health worker like in your country? 

sane = cuerdo 

What kinds of things can affect the sanity of a sane person?

vs.

healthy = sano 

What kinds of things can affect the health of a healthy person? 

164

Torpe 


clumsy = physically 

Give examples of someone being clumsy physically.

vs.

awkward = socially 

Give examples of someone being awkward socially or making awkward comments. 

vs.

be hopeless at something = habilidad

How would you help someone who was hopeless at talking to the opposite sex.

165

book shop = libreria 

What kinds of things can you buy from a book shop?

vs.

library = biblioteca 

When was the last time you borrowed a book from a library?

166

to be cold = tener frio 

When was the last time you were so cold that you were shivering? 

vs. 

to have a cold = estar constipado 

What kinds of things help you when you have a cold?

vs.

constipated = estar estreñido  

What can you do if you are constipated?

167

preservatives = conservantes 

How was life before we started to put preservatives in food?

vs.

condoms = preservativos 

What are the benefits of using condoms?

168

to be embarrassed = tener vergüenza

What kinds of things can make you feel embarrassed in a social situation?

vs.

to be pregnant = estar embarazada

What precautions are necessary to take when you are pregnant?

169

carry out/perform = realizar 

What do you do to make sure that you carry out your tasks well?

What are the benefits of performing your duties in the best way possible?

vs.

realise = darse cuenta 

Why have you never realised that realise doesn’t mean realizar?


Can you say REALISE OF SOMETHING? No

Do you have to say REALISE SOMETHING without the preposition OF? Yes

Have you realised that you have to use the verb realise without the preposition OF? 

Talking about Santa Claus not existing, when did you realise that?


Have you realised that there is no preposition after the verb realise?
Do we realise things or do we realise about things?

I realised about that = incorrect
I realised that. Correct = no preposition

170

bargains = gangas

Which supermarket offers you the best bargains?

vs.

gangs = pandillas 

Why do people join gangs?

171

titulo academico = qualification 

What qualifications are required to do your job/your parents’ job? 

vs.

Don/Sir/Doctor = title

Why don’t we use titles to refer to people nowadays like in the past? 

vs.

title = the name of a book/article etc

What is the title of your favourite book? 

172

to remember = recorder 

What are some of the first memories you remember?

vs.

recollect = recorder

Can you recollect easily everything you did last weekend? 

vs. 

collect – gather – harvest – pick (fruit and flowers)  = recolectar 

Have you ever picked oranges from the trees?

How do charities collect money for their causes?

Have you ever seen a farmer harvesting the crop with your own eyes being there with them in person in the fields? 

vs. 

record = grabar 

Why do people record their birthdays and other celebrations? Do you do that?

vs. 

register – put your name down for – enrol = inscribirse 

Why don’t Young people like to register themselves to go to the army? 

Why don’t Young people like to put their names down for the army? 

Why don’t Young people like to enrol in the army? 

vs.

record = registrar 

Why is it important to record all the important points in a register during work related meeting? 

173

to insert (an object) = introducer
What are some items that you would find if you insert you hand in your mum’s handbag?

vs.

to introduce (people) = presentar 

When was the last you introduced someone to another person?

174

letter = carta 

When was the last time you wrote a letter to someone?

vs.

card (bank card) = tarjeta 

What are the pros and cons of having a credit card?

175

Reason = motive 

They have the reason = tienen el motivo 

What are the reasons that people have when they ask for a divorce?

vs. 
Be right = tener razon 

They are right = tienen razon

Is it easy to stay quiet when you are right about something?

176

The degree = university studies

What are the most popular degrees in your community?

vs. 
The grade = el nivel de algo/notas

Did you use to get good grades in your maths class?

vs. 

Career = la vida profesional tuya 

What are some problems that people face during their career?

177

belonging – to belong = pertenencia – pertener

What‘s your most valuable belonging? How long has it belonged to you? 

vs.

heritage =  patrimonio cultural

What is a cultural heritage of yours that you are proud of? 

vs.

inheritance = herencia 

What are some possible issues that can arise over inheritance

178

redecorate = decorar lo de nuevo

How would you redecorate your house? 
vs.
refurbish = remueblar

How much would it cost to refurbish your house? 
vs.
renovate = renovar = obra

What would you have done if you were to renovate your house? 
vs.
renew = renovar = papeles

When was the last time you renewed your Passport? 

179

woods = forest = la S no se puede quitar como la palabra NEWSSSSSS

Do you have any woods in your area? 
Do you have any forests near your area?

What do you think of the destruction of the Amazon rainforests?

vs. 
wood = Madera = no S = uncountable como agua

Is your dining table made of wood or glass? 

180

Reform = Systems

How would you reform your society? Which reforms are required? 

vs. 

Renovate = Property

Have you ever renovated you house?

vs. 

Revise = To memorise

What are the benefits of revising the material before an exam? 

vs. 

Review = second reading  

Why should we always review our work before handing it in? 

vs. 

Check = General (looking for accuracy)

Why is it important to check the quality of your products before sending them to the market? 

181

Direction = instrucciones

Which direction is your life going in? 

How would you get the direction of a new place you were going to? 
vs. 
Management = direccion en empresas

What are the signs of good management in a company?

vs.

Address = direccion de vivienda 

Why shouldn’t we tell everyone our address? 

182

Remember vs. Remind


Remember = acordarse = memory 
I remember my childhood, but my sister doesn't remember her childhood because her memory is really bad now.
Vs.
Remind = recordar = aviso/alertas/you make me remember
You remind me of a friend from my childhood.
I will remind her to do her work on time.


What do you remember about your first day at school?
Vs.
Do you need someone to remind you to do your important tasks?
Does a famous person remind you of any member of your family?


Will you remember to remind me to buy some bread tomorrow morning?

Do you remember to do your work or does someone need to remind you?

If you don’t remember, then some has to remind you.

Do you have an app that sends you reminders to help you remember events and tasks? 

183

Break vs. Tear = romper
You can break a window, but you tear a shirt.


Break = romper = solid things

Have you ever broken a bone? What would you do if your neighbours’ kids broke a window of yours while playing football? 
Vs.
Tear = romper/rasgar = cloth/paper/muscles/ligaments = todo tejido
Have you ever torn a muscle? Why would someone tear up a letter? 

184

esperar 

I have been standing here waiting for the bus for ten minutes. It’s expected to be here in a few minutes. I hope that it’s not late.


wait for = only time 

What is the longest you have waited for a friend? 

vs.

expect = expectative based on evidence

If you see dark clouds, what kind of weather would you expect to have? 

vs. 

hope = Desire
What kind of weather are you hoping for for this weekend? 

185

Is the word equipment countable or uncountable? Equipo 

It’s Uncountable and there is No s with it

What kind of sports equipment is necessary to play tennis? 

vs.

team = equipo (people working together) 

What are the qualities of a good team? 

186

tener sentido = make sense 


It doesn’t have any sense. = incorrect 

It doesn’t make any sense. = correct 


What kinds of things don’t make sense to you about this world? 

187

Different ways to say CITA in English 


Appointment = official

What was the last appointment you made? 

vs. 

Date = romantic 

What kinds of things do people talk about on their first date? 

vs. 

Meeting = business 

What kinds of things are discussed at business meetings? 

vs.

Get together = family and friends

What do you guys do at a family get together? 

188

We don’t say: She is the responsible of the department.
We say: She is in charge of the department.


Incorrect: if things go wrong, you are THE RESPONSIBLE .The responsible will be angry.

Responsible is an adjective not a noun = culpable 

We don’t use THE with the word RESPONSIBLE


Be in charge of something = ser responsable/encargdo de algo = authority 

Correct: if things wrong, you are RESPONSIBLE. The person in charge will be angry.

Be in charge of = Ser responsable de/Estar encargado de
She is the responsible of the department doesn’t exit.


Be in charge of = power and control

If you were in charge of the tourism industry, what changes would you introduce? 

Vs.

Be responsible for = culpability or the opposite 

In a team, why is everyone responsible for the results? 


What kinds of responsibilities come with being in charge of a department? Hierarchy 

Vs. 

Who is responsible for the corruption in your system? Culpability

189

Borrow = Take temporarily = pedir prestado (recibir)
Take something from someone temporarily
Borrow something from someone
Have you ever borrowed money from a friend? 

How much money can you borrow from your friends compared to your family? 

vs. 
Lend = Give temporarily = prestar (dar)
Give something to someone temporarily
Lend something to someone 

Have you ever lent money to a friend? 

Why do some people think that it is a bad idea to lend money to friends? 

190

reirse vs. burlarse de


You laugh to myself = Only you know

Talk about a time you laughed to yourself. 

vs. 

You laugh with them = Everyone is happy

Why should we only laugh with people and not at them? 

vs. 

You laugh at them = Someone is suffering 

You make fun of them = Someone is suffering 

You take the Mickey out of them = Someone is suffering 

Why is it a bad idea to laugh at people when they fail? 

Why is it a bad idea to make fun of someone?

Why is it a bad idea to take the Mickey out of someone?

191

Patinar 


ice-skating in an ice-rink 

Do you have an ice-rink for ice-skating in your city? 

vs.

roller-skating

Have you ever done roller skating around the city? 

vs. 

skating with a skateboard

Which is easier: roller skating or skateboarding? 

192

llegar a una conclusion 


Reach to the conclusion = incorrect 

no preposition with the verb reach = Reach the conclusion = correct 

Come to the conclusion 

Get to the conclusion 

Arrive at the conclusion


What kinds of things can help us reach a conclusion about a given situation? 

What kinds of things can help us come to a conclusion about a given situation? 

What kinds of things can help us get to a conclusion about a given situation? 

What kinds of things can help us arrive at a conclusion about a given situation? 

193

 instead of vs. instead 


Instead of is a preposition and means 'in place of’ or 'as an alternative'.

Don't confuse instead of with instead (without of), which is an adverb and is used at the beginning or the end of a clause (In spoken English, at the end).


Why do some people have coffee instead of tea?

Why did Leonardo di Caprio’s character choose to die instead of Kate Winslet’s character at the end of Titanic? 

Why do some people prefer to start their own businesses instead of working for someone? 

vs.

If coffee wasn’t available, what would you have instead?

If you were too tired to go out with your friends, what would you do instead? 

If your favourite restaurant was closed, where would you go to eat instead? 


A lot of + noun vs. A lot (adverb: at the end of a sentence) 

Pay attention to the position of the words and how they combine with other words. 


Do you have a lot of free time at the weekends?

Would you like to have a lot of free time or a lot of money? 

Do you have any friend who has a lot of books in his/her house? 

vs.

What are the benefits of working out a lot?

Do you know someone who works a lot? 

When was the last time you laughed a lot? 

194

capital punishment/death sentence = pena de muerte 

Are you in favour of capital punishment/death sentence?

vs. 

life sentence = cadena perpetua 

How would you stay sane through a life sentence? 

vs.

corporal punishment = hitting someone as punishment 

Why did they use to use corporal punishment at schools and why did they stop? 

195

Breathe in = Take a deep breath = inhale = Breathe out = let your breath out = exhale

Do you ever sit there just breathing in and breathing out to relax? 

vs. 

Hold your breath = aguanta 

How long can you hold your breath for? 

196

Pretend = fingir 

Can you tell/notice if someone is only pretending to be happy? 

vs.

Try – want – intend = pretender 

What do you think of people who try to make everyone happy?

What do you intend to do about your biggest challenge? 

197

tasa = rate 


interest rate = tasa de interes 

Which bank gives the best interest rates? 

birth rate = tasa de nacimiento

Why is the birth rate so low in your country? 

198


learn, know, teach + how to + verb


I can teach you how to do this. Then, you will know how to do this because you will learn how to do this properly with me. 

sabes nadar = sabes como nadar 


Do you know how to swim? Do you know how to drive? Who taught you how to drive?

199

be updated = estar actualizado 

How often is your computer updated? 

vs.

be up to date = estar al dia (conocimiento o ritmo)

Are you up to date with what is happening around the world? 

200

stay = permanecer/quedar o estar en un sitio – larga duracion 

When was the last time you stayed home while everyone else went out? 

When was the last time you stayed at a friend’s house? 

vs.

be = estar 

What did you do the last time you were in another city?

What did you do the last time you were with your friends? 

vs.

spend time = quedar para pasar tiempo 

How often do you spend time with your friends?

201

curso = (academic) year 

my fist year

my second year

my last year

1st year of primary school

2nd year of high school 

What are the most common problems that kids face in their first year at high school?

vs. 

course = designed and planned subject matter 

This English course is going to last 3 months.

What would you learn in a cookery/yoga course? 

202

different types of tastes 

sweet = dulce 

salty = savoury = salado 

sour – tangy = acido 

bitter = amargo


Mention some dishes for each of these tastes above.

Which taste appeals to your taste buds (Papilas gustativas)? 

When was the last time you tasted (probar)something that tasted (saber) so good that you fell in love with it? 

203

marca de productos = brand 

What is your favourite brand of clothes?

vs.

marca de coche = make 

modelo de coche = model 

make = VW 

model = golf

What is your favourite make and model? 

204

Look at

Listen to

Depend on

Spend on

Consist of

Think about


These are six of the most common verbs in the English language. If you LOOK AT them carefully, you will notice that they CONSIST OF a verb + preposition. In class, I always LISTEN TO all of my students using the prepositions incorrectly with these verbs. Please, SPEND some time ON memorising these combinations. Your progress DEPENDS ON this. THINK ABOUT the literal translation that comes in your way and change your chip with regards to these verbs + preposition.


What are you LOOKING AT at the moment?

What kind of music do you LISTEN TO in your free time?

Who do you DEPEND ON for advice?

How much time do you need to SPEND ON this concept to internalise these prepositions?

How many verbs does this group of verbs CONSIST OF?

How long do you need to THINK ABOUT these verbs + prepositions to learn them?

205

 download = bajar del internet 

What kinds of things do people download off the Internet compared to the kinds of things they upload onto the Internet? 

vs.

lower = bajar algo 

When was the last itme you asked someone to lower their voice/lower the volume of a song they were listening to?

206

Incorrect: she was specialised in that

Correct: she specialised in that / she was a specialist in that 


Specialise in (without the verb to BE)  

What does your best friend specialise in?

vs.

Be a specialist in (the verb to BE with a noun)

Are you a specialist in anything? 

207

Incorrect: routinary things 

Correct: routine things 

The word routinary doesn’t exist in English 


What are some routine things that are part of your life?

208

Incorrect: we buy things TO China 

Correct: we buy things FROM China

Buy something from someone/somewhere 


Buy TO doesn’t exit


Where do you buy your bread from?

Where do you buy your clothes from?

Where do you buy your fruit from?

vs.

Who do you buy gifts for? 

209

Incorrect: people are with this problem

Correct: people have this problem 

En English, cuando estas con algo se ve como que lo tienes, so we use Have in this case


How long has your country had problems with unemployment?

What kinds of problems do people have nowadays that they didn’t have in the past? 

Who do you talk to when you have problems? 

210

Incorrect: I RELATION the word clothes to the fashion industry. 

Correct: I LINK/CONNECT the word clothes to the fashion industry.

Relation is a noun not a verb


What do you relate/link/connect the word happiness to?

What do you relate/link/connect success to?

What do you relate/link/connect the current social issues to? 

211

You hit someone = you do the action 

You GET hit = it happens to you 

You eat something = you do the action  

You GET eaten = it happens to you (perhaps a lion eats you) 


When was the time you saw someone hit another person?

Have you ever got/been hit by someone?


When was the last time you ate a whole chicken?

vs.

Have you ever seen an animal get/be eaten by a crocodile in a documentary on TV?

212

wrap = envolver 

Why do people wrap gifts? 

Why do some people like to pop bubble wrap? 

vs.

involve = involucrar 

What does being a parent involve?

What does being a teacher involve?

What does your job involve? 

213

too realistic = too + adj

Why is it a bad idea to be too realistic in relationships?

Why was the last time you were too tired to even walk? 

How can you motivate kids who are too lazy? 

vs

too much water – too many glasses of water 

too many/much + noun

Why shouldn’t we eat too much food?

How many cups of coffee are too many cups of coffee in a day?

What kinds of jobs don’t require too much hard work? 

214

romper vs. Rasgar vs. averia vs. no funcionar  


break = solid things 

Did you ever break a neighbour’s window while playing when you were a kid? 

vs.

tear = rasgar = tela/todo tejido

Why would someone tear a letter? 

vs. 

break down = tener averia (big machinery/engines + averia emocional)

Have you ever been in a car that broke down? 

How would you help someone who broke down in front of you 

vs.

stop working = devices/appliances 

What would you do if your laptop stops working? 

215

succeed (verb) = tener exito 

What do you need to do to succeed in life?

What do you need to do to succeed in business?

vs.

Be successful (verb + adjective) = tener exito 

What do you need to do to be successful in life?

What do you need to do to be successful in business?

216

ilusion 


illusion = see something that is not really there 

Is freedom only an illusion in current system of governance? 

vs.

hope/dream = ilusion de deseo 

What hopes and dreams do young people have when they first begin their career? 

excitement/be excited about  = ilusion de emocion 

When was the last time you felt a lot of excitement for a special occasion that was about to come? 

217

sensible = prudente

How do sensible people deal with problems? 

vs.

sensitive = sensible 

What are the pros and cons of being sensitive? 

218

scratch = rascar 

vs.

itch = picar 


Who would scratch your back if it was itching really badly?

219

Semi private = concertado 

vs. 

State school 

Public school (am) = publico 

vs. 

private school 

Public school (br) = privado 


What are the similarities and differences between each of these kinds of schools? 

What are the pros and cons of each of these types of schools? 

220

wholesale = por mayor

vs.

retail = por menor 


What is the difference between these two different types of businesses? 

221

lose time = te quita tiempo de otra cosa (puede ser algo bueno pero no es bueno para el momento)

What kinds of things do you lose time on at work? 

vs.

waste time = un desecho complete

Give examples of things which are a waste of time for you. 

222

lose = a possession 

What’s the most valuable thing you have ever lost? 

vs.

miss = transport/opportunity 

Why do people sometimes miss their flight/train/bus?

223

tablet = device 

What are the harms of giving kids a tablet for many hours a day to watch stuff?

vs.

bar of chocolate = chocolate 

What’s your favourite bar of chocolate? 

224

motor = de maquinas 

Have you ever seen a motor that extracts water from the ground? 

vs.

engine = de coche 

What size engine does/did your father’s car have? 

vs.  

motorbike = two wheeled vehicle with an engine 

What are the pros and cons of having a motorbike? 

225

Christmas Eve (noche Buena) vs. New year’s eve (noche vieja)

Who did you spend these two days with last year? 

vs. 

Christmas day (dia de navedad) vs. New year’s day (1st January)

What is special about these two days for people? 

226

choir (kwaai @r) = coro 

Do you know anyone who sings in a choir? 

vs.

chorus = estribillo 

What do you think of songs that become popular only due to very catchy chorus without having any nice and meaningful lyrics?  

vs.

Lyrics = letra 

Do you use lyrics in your language learning? What are the pros and cons of learning with song lyrics? 

227

story = cuento 

What are the benefits of reading bedtime stories 

vs.

history = la historia 

What do you think of the idea that history repeats itself?

228

Take off = quitar 

Why shouldn’t we take off our jacket if it is freezing cold? 

Are you able to take stuff off the highest shelf without having to stand on something to reach the stuff in question? 

Why would the authorities take off someone’s driving license? 

Vs.

Take out = sacar 

When was the last time you had a tooth taken out? 

What would I see if I asked you to take everything out of your pocket? 

229

have a relationship with someone = tener una relacion de amistad de pareja de trabajo etc

How can you have a good relationship with your colleagues/classmates/family members forever? 

vs.

have relations with someone = have sex 

Why is it important to have relations with your partner regularly in a relationship?

vs.

international relations = between countries 

Why are good international relations important for a country? 

230

lie down = acostar    

How long does it normally take you to fall asleep after lying down on your bed at bedtime? 

vs.    

accost = abordar (a alguien)

Have you ever seen a person being accosted by another in a public place? 

231

ace = as    

Why would someone be called an ace? 

vs. 

ass = culo, asno

Have you ever seen someone hitting the ass of an ass with a stick? 

232

school = colegio 

What do you learn at school? 

vs.

college = University level institute for academic studies and vocational training

What do you learn at college? 

vs. 

colleague = workmate = companero de trabajo 

vs. 

How should you behave around your colleagues?

High school diploma = titulo de haber terminado la educacion secundaria 

Do you know anyone who doesn’t even have a high school diploma? 

vs. 

baccalaureate = bachillerato

How is baccalaueate different from the previous high school education? 

vs.     

bachelor's degree = licenciatura

master’s degree = un master 

degree = educacion universitaria 

Is getting a bachelor’s degree the same from any university or do employers value some universities over others? 

vs. 

career = profession/professional life only 

What are some popular careers nowadays? 


schoolboy = escolar        

What are the dreams of a schoolboy?

vs. 

scholar = erudito

What are the challenges of a scholar? 

233

dancer = bailarina    

vs.     

ballerina = bailarina de ballet


What’s the difference between a dancer and a ballerina?

Who do you prefer to watch perform?

234

moustache = bigote    

vs.     

bigot = intolerante, persona que tiene prejuicio


Do you know any bigot who has a moustache? 

235

soft = blando    

Why do we give babies and old people soft foods?

vs.     

bland = soso, insípido

Which dishes taste bland to you? 

236

comfort = comodidad    

What kinds of things bring comfort to your life? 

vs.     

commodity = product/cosas de valor que posee uno 

Give examples of some valuable commodities. 

237

pair of compasses = compás     

vs.     

compass = brújula


What are the differences in the use of a pair of compasses and a compass? 

238

driver = conductor        

What are the responsibilities of a bus driver?

vs. 

conductor = director de orquesta

What are the responsibilities of a conductor?  

239

coffee = café    

vs.         

café = cafetería

vs. 

cafetería = cantina

Which café serves the best coffee in your area? 

What is the environment like in a hospital cafeteria compared to a normal one? 

240

a person's build = complexión    

How would you describe your build?     

vs.

complexion = tez

Why do some people have a complex about their complexion? 

241

friendliness = simpatía    

vs.     

sympathy = compasión


What is the difference between friendliness and sympathy?


get along with = simpatizar    

Who do you get along with the most in your extended family?

vs. 

sympathise = compadecer

Do you sympathise with trade unions? 

242

translate = traducir

Why shouldn’t we translate literally from Spanish to English?     

vs.     

traduce = difamar

How would you deal with a person who tried to traduce your character? 

vs. 

move = trasladar        

How many times have you moved in your life?

243

trap  = trampa    

Would you agree with someone who says that social media is a trap?

vs. 

tramp = vagabundo

Why would someone become a tramp? 

244

vowel = vocal    

Do you know all the vowel sounds in English?

vs.     

vocal = que hace hincapié, que alza la voz    

Would you like to be vocal about any social, economic or political issue? 

What is the role of our vocal chords in our body? 

245

octopus = pulpo    

How intelligent do you think an octopus is? 

vs.     

pulp = pulpa

The pulp of which fruit do you find the tastiest? 

246

worried = preocupado    

What kinds of issues are you worried about? 

vs. 

preoccupied = distraído

What is it important to make sure that we are not preoccupied when doing an important task? 

247

plot/piece of land = parcela    

How expensive is a plot of land in your area compared to your neighbouring area?    

vs. 

parcel = paquete

When was the last time you sent or received a parcel? What did the parcel contain? 

248

annoy = molestar – fastidiar     

What kinds of things annoy you about your neighbours/society?     

vs. 

molest    abusar (sexualmente)

What can be done to deal with the risk of adults molesting minors? 

vs. 

fastidious = perfeccionista, detallista, exigente

What are the pros and cons of being fastidious? 

249

poverty = miseria/pobreza         

vs. 

misery = sufrimiento


What kind of misery does poverty cause in a person’s life? 

250

maybe = a lo mejor    

Would you say that maybe Mesi is the best football player in the world?     

vs. 

the best-case scenario = en el mejor de los casos

In the best case scenario, what would you do if you left your current job/school? 

251

poisoning = intoxicación        

What are some common causes of food poisoning? 

vs. 

intoxication – inebriation = embriaguez

Why is even a little intoxication illegal while driving? 

vs.

drunk = borracho 

What are some common silly things that drunk people do? 

vs. 

tipsy = achispado

How can a tipsy person make sure that they stay that way?

vs. 

be legless = estar tan borracho que no puedes estar de pie 

Have you ever had to help someone who was legless? 

252

minor crime = delito 

Do you consider fraud a minor crime or a serious crime? 

vs.

crime – serious crime = crimen – delincuencia

Give examples of some minor and serious crimes? 

vs. 

delinquency = delincuencia juvenil

What are the causes of delinquency in young people? 

253

 for vs. by 


1: This painting is for you, and it was made by your mum with a new paint brush.  

vs.

2: This painting was made by you for your mum.


Which one means para?

Which one means por in the passive sentences?

In which sentence, you are the recipient?

In which sentence, you are the giver?


By = por = passive sentences

Who was Don Quixote written by? 

Who was The Mona Lisa painted by? 

vs,

For = para 

What do you use your mobile for?

Who did you buy gifts for at Christmas? 

vs.

by = al lodo de 

Do you have a river that you can walk by admiring the beauty of nature? 

Have you ever sat by the phone at home thinking of calling someone and then didn’t do it? 

vs. 

on = por (internet y despositivos?

Who do you talk to the most on the phone?

What do you like watching on TV?

What kind of stuff do they have on on the radio?

How much time do you spend online/on the Internet?


for = durante + periodo 

When was the last time you went on vacation for a month?

Have you been working in your current company for over a year?

Have you been living in your current house for over six months? 

vs.

during = durante + sustantivo

What did you do during your summer holidays?

What do you normally do during your winter holidays?

How can you get students to focus during their class?

254

ease – finding things easy to do = facilidad

Do you find it easy to learn new concepts? 

vs.         

facility = instalación

Which hospital has the best facilities in your city? Describe them. 

255

language = idioma        

Which languages are popular nowadays? 

vs. 

idiom = modismo

Tell me a couple of English idioms that you know. 

256

monkfish = rape

Have you ever eaten monkfish?     

vs.     

rape = violación

vs.

Why do some people rape? 

barber = rapista    

Did your dad go to the barber for a shave or do it himself at home? 

vs. 

rapist = violador

What should be the punishment for a rapist? 

257

event = suceso    

What is the most intersting event of this/last year for you?

vs.     

success    = éxito

What kinds of things lead to success in life? 

vs.

exit = salida

Did you have to pay at the entrance or the exit of the last car park you went to?

vs.

opportunity = salida 

What opportunities does an engineering degree give you? 

258

aroused = excitado        

How do professional people control being aroused at work? 

vs. 

excited = emocionado

What kinds of things make you excited? 

259

detention & apprehension = aprehensión/comprension

    

How would you survive a long term detention psychologically?

Have you ever seen anyone help the police apprehend a criminal in a public place? 

Do you have any apprehensions about the current state of the world or are you satisfied with everything?

Do you have enough knowledge of politics for a proper apprehension of the topic? 

260

final = the last part of an event or program 

Do you like watching the whole competition or just the final? 

vs. 

finale = climax of an event or program

What happened during the finale of your favourite series? 

261

cooker (aparato)

Which one do you prefer to cook on: a gas cooker or an electric cooker? 

vs. 

cook (person) 

Who is the best cook you know?

vs. 

Chef (a professional cook managing a team in a kitchen)

What are the duties of a chef? 

262

Look vs. Look like 


Look + adjective

Do you know anyone who looks younger than they are?

vs.

Look like + noun

Do you look like anyone in your family? 

263

lose someone = muere la persona 

How should you console someone who has lost someone close? 

vs.

lose contact with someone = perder el contacto

Talk about someone you wish you hadn’t lost contact with. 

vs.

fall out with someone = dejar de hablar por discutir mal 

Why do people fallo ut with their friends? 

264

competition = competencia 

How should a business deal with the competition in the market? 

vs.

competence = habilidad 

What qualities are necessary for someone to show competence in their job? 

265

headphones = oriculares vs. a headset = oriculares con microfono 

Compare headphones to a headset.  

vs.

speakers = altavoces 

What are the harms of turning your speakers up completely all the time? 

266

distress = poner estrés

What kinds of things distress people? 

vs.

de-stress = quitar el esters

What kinds of things help people to de-stress? 

267

far = used only in questions (the answer would use the word AWAY)

How far do you live from the centre of your town? 

vs.

away = used in questions and answer 

How many minutes away from your parents do your grandparents live? 

268

be a part of = formar parte de 

How happy are you/would you be to have pets as a part of your family? 

vs.

take part in = participar

How often do you take part in social activities? 

269

bakery: panaderia 

How often do you go to your local bakery?

vs. 

patisserie: pasteleria 

What kinds of things can you buy at a patisserie that your local bakery doesn’t have? 

270

selfish = egoista 

Why are some people so selfish? 

vs.

shellfish = los mariscos 

How often do you eat shellfish? 

vs

a selfie = foto de ti mismo que sacas tu

What do you think of people taking selfies striking a pose in public places? 

271

national anthem = himno de un país

Did they teach you your national anthem at school? 

vs.

hymn = religioso 

Did you ever hear your grandparents reciting any hymns when you were little? 

272

taste: sabe algo 

Have you ever tasted bread that tastes of garlic?

vs.

taste: probar 

Have you ever tasted Indian food that tasted too hot? 

273 

turn off = enchufes/fuego de cocina 

Have you ever forgotten to turn something off before leaving the house? 

vs.

put out/extinguish = incendio 

Have you ever had to put out a fire? 

vs.

go extinct = extinguirse de especies 

Why are so many species going extinct? 

274

brilliant = excellent 

Talk about a brilliant performance by a sports person in a competition. 

Who is a brilliant singer for you?

vs.

intelligent/smart/bright = inteligente 

Who is the most intelligent person you know?

Who is the smartest person you know?

Who is the brightest person you know?

vs.

bright = brillante de luz/inteligente 

How bright do you like your pone screen to be?

Who is the brightest person you know?

Do you enjoy it when the sun is shining bright? 

vs.

smart = bien vestido/inteligente

Why is it important to dress up smart? 

Who is the smartes tperson you know? 

275

something unforeseen = unexpected = good or bad 

Talk about something unforeseen that was actually benefitted you in some way. 

vs.

a mishap = imprevisto = bad only 

How should we try to deal with mishaps during a project/in life? 

276

shout = gritar 

how can you stop kids from shouting all the time? 

vs. 

scream = chillar 

When was the last time you heard a horrible scream? 

vs.

cry = llorar/gritar 

When was the last time you saw someone crying?

Why would someone cry for help? 

277

features = technology (they are part of the user experience) o rasgos de una persona 

What are some features that your mobile phone/laptop has that your friend’s one doesn’t? 

Describe your best friend’s facial features. 

vs.

specifications = (capacity y de que esta hecho algo)

Do you read the specifications that are written on labels and the manuals that come with the items that you buy? 

278

such as = for example (used to give examples)

Where do you go to buy clothes, such as jeans, shirts and jackets etc? 

vs.

as = because 

When was the last time you turned down your friends’ invitation to go somewhere as you were really tired? 

279

experience/go through = vivir/sufrir algo 

live and suffer a situation = incorrect 

What kinds of difficulties do people go through during their life? 

vs.

experiment = try something = intentar algo 

Why do some young people experiment with drugs and others don’t? 

280

safety = accidents

What kinds of rules are in place at schools for the safety of the students? 

vs.

security = attacks

What kinds of security measures are in place in your country in case of an attack? 

vs. 

sure = opinions

Why is it important to be sure about the facts before entering an argument? 

vs.

self confidence = en ti mismo 

Why is it important to have self confidence? 

281

close: temporary/para el dia

What time does your local supermarket close every day? 

vs.

close down: permanent 

What are some common reason why a business would close down? 

282

carry over your holidays

Are you allowed to carry over your holidays to another time in the future in the year? 

vs.

bring forward

Have you ever had to bring forward an appointment/meeting? 

283

pay attention to someone = dar importancia 

How well did you pay attention to your teachers in class? 

vs.

listen to someone = obedecer/dar importancia 

Did you always listen to your parents when you were little? 

284

Do work experience = hacer practicas 

Why is it important for young people to do work experience? 

vs.

do an internship = ser becario 

What kind of company would you like do an internship in? 

vs.

be/stay in a boarding school = ser internado 

What is it like to stay in a boarding school? 

vs.

be/stay in a residence hall = estar en un colegio mayor 

Do you know anyone who stayed in a residence hall of a university? 

vs. 

take part in training = participar en algun tipo de formacion 

Have you ever taken part in training of any kind? 

285

publish = in written format 

What kind of stuff is being published in the news nowadays? 

vs.

make public = inform  = how it is done is not the focus 

What kinds of things does the government make public? 

286

destiny = fate 

Do you believe in destiny? 

vs.

destination = place 

What is your favourite destination for a holiday? 

287

ent (adjective) vs. ence (noun)

be confident = have confidence

be patient = have patience 


Why is it important to be confident?

Why is it important to have confidence 


Why is it important to be patient?

Why is it important to have patience? 


Why is it important to be prudent?

Why is it important to show prudence? 


Why is it important to be obedient to your parents?

Why is it important to show obedience to your parents? 

288

ask questions = preguntar 

Why shouldn’t we ask people personal questions when we first meet them? 

vs.

give answers = responder/contestar 

Who gives you the best answers to your questions about life? 

289

vamos a hacer algo vs. vamos a hacer algo

let’s separate the two idea if not we are going to mix them up 


let’s do something = now 

Would you come along if I said to you “Let’s go to the gym”? 

vs.

we are going to do something = in the future

What are we going to do if climate change becomes even worse? 

290

Incorrect: for the one side – on the other side 

Correct: on the one hand – on the other hand


On the one hand if you had your family and on the other hand you had your job, which one would you choose? 

291

verb = live 🡪 lives

Where you live?

Can you tell me where your best friend lives?

vs. 

noun = life  ðŸ¡ª lives 

Why do they say that life is beautiful?

How many lives were affected by the last natural disaster? 

vs. 

adjective = live 

When was the last time you heard live music? 

292

roof 

Have you ever climbed to the roof of any building? 

vs.

ceiling 

Where do they have fans on the ceiling in your country? 

293

in the corner

Why should we never force people in the corner? 

vs

on/at the corner 

When was the last time you waited for someone at the corner of a street? 

294

Achieve + collocation  (objetivos)

Achieve your dream

Achieve your goal

Achieve your aim

Achieve your objective 

Achieve your target 

What kinds of things can help you to achieve your goals? 

vs.

Obtain/Get a new client

How can a company obtain new clients? 

vs.

Buy/get some bread 

Where do you go to get/buy bread? 

vs. 

Gain respect

What’s the best way to gain respect in life? 

295

gymnastics = acrobacia

Which discipline is your favourite in gymnastics? 

vs.

gymnasium/gym = gymnasia 

What did/do you do during the gymnasium lesson at school? 

296

spectator = at the sport event

What are some common issues that spectators have to deal with? 

vs.

viewer = watching on TV

Which TV programs attract the most viewers in your country? 

vs.

member of the audience = inside the TV studio/publico 

What would it be like to be a member of the audience? 

no one 

vs

none 

vs.

anyone 

prescription

vs.

recipe 

a friend of the environment

vs.

a friend from school 

suppliers = productos 

vs.

providers = servicio

besides: ademas de

vs.

beside = a lado de

on time = punctual 

vs.

in time = con tiempo 

meaning 

vs.

significance 

vs.

sense 

vs.

feeling 

Accordion Content

299

of vs. from

 

a friend of the environment = tener mucho cariño para algo

Are you a friend of our planet?

vs.

a friend from school = origin

Tell me a little about a friend of yours from another city/country?

300

suppliers = productos = provedors

Do you know any suppliers of dairy products?

vs.

providers = servicio = provedores

Whic company is the best Internet provider in your area?