Common Problems 1
1
I eat = Suelo (usually)
I ate yesterday = concretar cuando paso
I have eaten = no concretar cuando or hasta ahora or recientemente
I have been eating for 5 minutes = medir la duracion hasta ahora
Connect the TIME to the TENSE
Tieeeeeeeeeempo y el verbaaaaaaaaaaaal
Time = Tiempo = Los adverbios = always, never, yet, for 2 days, since December, tomorrow etc…
+
Tense = Verbal = La conjugacion = I work. I am working. I worked. I was working. I have worked etc…
Focus on the adverb of time and its agreement/connection with the conjugation of the subject and verb
an example of the times expressions we use:
The most common time expressions used for the past simple are: yesterday, a week/month/year ago, last month/year/weekend/Monday/night, the day before yesterday, two days/months/years ago. The time expression appears either at the beginning or at the end of the sentence – never in the middle of the sentence.
The text above teaches us to connect,
The time and tense, in a perfect dialect.
For when we speak, we must convey,
The exact moment of an action, day by day.
“I eat” is a usual thing,
No specific time, just doing our thing.
“I ate yesterday,” we clarify,
When the action happened, we specify.
“I have eaten” is a bit unclear,
No specific time, just up to here.
“I have been eating,” we measure the duration,
To convey the time with precision.
We use time expressions to assist,
To ensure our message is not missed.
Yesterday, a week ago, or last year,
At the beginning or end, never fear.
So, connect the time to the tense,
And make your message make perfect sense.
For when we speak, we must convey,
The exact moment of an action, day by day.
2
They don’t find the solution = present simple = lo que suelen hacer
Vs
They haven’t found a solution = present perfect = hasta ahora
Kam, I don’t receive the link. = no lo suelo recibir (in every lesson) = incorrect
Kam, I haven’t received the link. = Hasta ahora = correct
I don’t do this. = no lo suelo hacer
vs.
I haven’t done this. = no lo he hecho hasta ahora
vs.
I am not doing this. = no lo estoy hacienda ahora a la hora de hablar o no lo quiero hacer
The text is conveying the different nuances and meanings conveyed by different verb tenses. The present simple is used to describe habitual or regular actions, while the present perfect is used to indicate actions that have happened up until now or recently.
The examples provided show how the present perfect can be used to express a lack of action or outcome up until now, while the present simple refers to a general habit or tendency. Additionally, the present continuous can be used to describe an action that is happening right now or currently, while the present perfect continuous can be used to describe an action that started in the past and is still ongoing up until now.
The tenses of time and verbs we learn,
In language lessons, page by page we turn,
Connecting past, present, future, and now,
With adverbs and verbs, we make them bow.
Present simple, actions that we do,
Habits, routines, things that are true,
But present perfect, until now,
The action happened, we know somehow.
“I don’t receive the link,” we might say,
But present perfect, we use it today,
“I haven’t received the link,” until now,
The action is missing, we must avow.
“I don’t do this,” we might deny,
But present perfect, we can’t lie,
“I haven’t done this,” until now,
The action is undone, we must allow.
So let us connect the tenses of time,
And conjugate verbs in rhythm and rhyme,
With adverbs and subjects, we’ll make them sing,
The beauty of language, to all we’ll bring.
3
They have gone to a place = todavia estas alli
Vs.
I have been to a place = has vuelto y estas hablando de la experiencia que tuviste alli
Go Went Gone = normal use
Vs.
Go Went Been = This use of BEEN as the participle of Go is exceptional and only happens with the PERFECT TENSES, especially with THE PRESENT PERFECT.
I HAVE GONE to a place = normal = todavia estas alli
Vs.
I HAVE BEEN to a place = exceptional use = para expresar que has vuelto del sitio
The text is trying to convey the difference between the normal use of “go/went/gone” and the exceptional use of “go/went/been” in the context of the perfect tenses.
When we say “they have gone to a place,” it means they are still there, indicating the current state. On the other hand, when we say “I have been to a place,” it indicates that we have returned from the place and are talking about our experience there.
While “go/went/gone” is the normal form of the verb, “been” is exceptional and is only used in the perfect tenses, especially in the present perfect. So, when we say “I have gone to a place,” it’s a normal usage, indicating the current state, but when we say “I have been to a place,” it’s an exceptional usage, indicating that we’ve returned from the place and are talking about it.
Tenses of time, they shape our speech,
And verbs are the tools that we must reach,
To convey the past, the present, the future,
And make our language sound like a beautiful picture.
Go, went, gone, we use with ease,
To talk about journeys, departures, and fees,
But the perfect tense, with been we see,
Is for a different use, as clear as can be.
They have gone to a place, we say,
To mean they’re still there, come what may,
But I have been to a place, we’ll declare,
To tell of an experience, beyond compare.
The present perfect tense, we’ll employ,
To express actions, that we enjoy,
And with the participle been, we’ll show,
The difference between stayed and ago.
So let us master the tenses of time,
And choose the right verb, in rhythm and rhyme,
To speak with clarity, elegance, and grace,
And leave a lasting impression, in every place.
4
Tener = Have vs. Have got
Correct
Option 1
You have a car.
You don’t have a car.
Do you have a car?
Main verb = Have = Tener
Auxiliary verb = Do
Tense form = Present simple
Use = Present simple = Normal
Option 2
You have+got a car.
You haven’t+got a car.
Have you got a car?
Main verb = GOT = Participle of Get
Auxiliary verb = Have = Haber
Tense form = Present Perfect
Literal translation = Has conseguido un coche
Use = Present simple = Exceptional translation in the present simple = Tengo un cache
It’s not conjugated in the past nor the future = no se conjuga en el pasado ni el future = este uso es solo como una frase hecha
Common error with HAVE + GOT Option 2:
Many people omit GOT in the Negative sentences and Questions
You haven’t a car: Incorrect = tu no haber un coche ??????
GOT is omitted and Have is alone
You HAVEN’T GOT a car = correct =
HAVE+GOT is together
Have you a car? Incorrect = GOT is omitted and Have is alone
HAVE you GOT a car? correct = Have+Got is together
OJO = No diferenciar entre las dos opciones nos complica el uso de Haber y Tener.
HAVE en HAVE + GOT es HABER pero se traduce como TENER. Es un uso excepcional y se deberia tratar como una frase hecha sin posibilidad de conjugarla en el pasado ni en el futuro y sin posibilidad de separar HAVE y GOT.
The verb “have” is quite familiar,
But “have got” can be peculiar,
Two options to express possession,
But one has a special expression.
Option one is the present simple,
With “have” as the verb principle,
“I have a car,” we say with ease,
Or “Do you have one?” we might tease.
Option two is the present perfect,
With “have got” we must reflect,
“I have got a car,” we might state,
But not in the past or future date.
A common error that we make,
Is leaving “got” in the wake,
But it should stay in the sentence,
To make the meaning clear and intense.
So, let’s not confuse the two,
And remember what we must do,
“Haber” in “have got” we use,
But “tener” is what we produce.
5 0: If I work + present simple 1st: If I work + Will 2nd: If I worked + Would + inf 3rd: If I had worked + Would’ve + participle
Mixed: If + past perfect + would + inf or If + past simple + would’ve + participle
If + los tiempos verbales/los tres columnas de los verbos + los verbos modales: correct Vs. Most Common mistake Using the modal verbs in the IF clause is the most common mistake If I Will/Would + Will/Would = incorrect
If I do/eat/have + will If I did/ate/had + would If I had done/eaten/had + would’ve
The aspect of time
Normal sentences Present tenses = present Past simple = past Past perfect = past of the past vs. Conditional sentences Present tenses = Present/Future = possible in the future Past tense = Present/Future = impossible/improbable/hypothetical Past perfect = Past = impossible as the time has gone/hypothetical in the past
In the conditionals, we come forward a tense.
Please, don’t look for didiera/didiese. These three verb columns are enough in English.
I worked there. You trabaje alli vs. If I worked there, = si trabajase alli
What does IF do to the meaning of WORKED? Is the meaning trabaje or trabajase with IF at he beginning? Do we have a separate conjugation table for conditional verbs? Do we use the three columns for the conditionals just like other tenses? | ||
If clause | ||
1st conditional | 2nd conditional | 3rd conditional with HAD |
do eat drink take work | did ate drank took worked | done eaten drunk taken worked |
Modal clause | ||
will + inf | would + inf | would’ve + participle |
6
Using our eyes and ears properly to understand
I have
vs.
I have
Is it possible to identify which one is haber and which one is tener?
I’d
vs.
I’d
Is it possible to identify which one is Would and which one is Had?
I’d go: I would go = would + infinitive
Vs.
I’d been: I had been = had + participle
I have a car = tener = noun
Vs
I have finished = haber = participle
In some structures, the word that comes later gives meaning to the word that comes before, so your eyes have to move back and then forward.
Even in Spanish, you have to look left and right to identify the meaning at times.
el mas
vs.
mas que
than = comparative
vs
the = el = superlative
mas que vs. el mas
mas y mas = los dos son iguales en forma
que y el = the difference can be noticed by looking at these words
Happier than = er + than= comparing
The happiest = the + est = superlative
mas que vs. el mas
la palabra mas es igual en las dos construcciones
In English, the difference is shown by ER or MORE + THAN and THE + EST or MOST
7
Position of adverbs: The problem and The solution
Spanish
Option 1: Me gusta ir al cine muchisimo.
Option 2: Me gusta muchisimo ir al cine.
English
Only OPTION 1 can be used literally translated word for word into English.
Option 1 from above:
Me gusta ir al cine muchisimo.
I like to go to the cinema very much/a lot.
Subject + Verb + Object + Adverb
Adverbs of frequency go before all the verbs except the verb to BE. They go after the verb to BE.
I always do this.
I never eat this.
I never do this.
Vs.
I am always late.
I am never on time.
I am never going to do this.
We put adverbs between compound verbs
She will always help you.
You must never break this rule.
Adverbs are used very differently in English compared to the Spanish language. Most learners need to study the positions of different kinds of adverbs and become comfortable with them.
Adverbs of frequency are not the same as Adverbs of place, manner or time. All of these have their own place in a sentence. Even at the end of a sentence, manner and place can change places, but time always goes at the end. M P T and P M T are both possible.
I walked home slowly yesterday. P M T
I worked hard at work this morning. M P T
Adverbs of manner, place and time go at the end of a sentence. They can go at the beginning of a sentence, but it is an emphatic use only. (You raise your voice to show the emphasis)
I will go there tomorrow. Normal or emphatic
vs.
Tomorrow, I will go there. = emphatic only = your voice is high when you say the adverb to show emphasis.
8
Have to – Must = tienes que = obligation to do something
Had to = the past for the two options above
Mustn’t = no tienes que = obligation not to do something
vs.
Don’t have to = don’t need to = no hace falta pero si quieres lo puedes hacer = falta de obligación
Don’t have to = don’t need to = no hace falta pero si quieres lo puedes hacer = falta de obligación
Don’t have to = don’t need to = no hace falta pero si quieres lo puedes hacer = falta de obligación
9
infinitive = philosophical Subject
To be or not to be; that is the question.
To err is human.
Vs
The gerund/ing = The normal subject
Smoking is bad.
Swimming is good.
Working hard is required during this academic year.
Fumar es malo.
Is it difficult for some students to connect the Spanish infinitive to the Gerund in this structure?
In Swimming is good, does the word Swimming represent Nadando or Nadar?
Does this show that the Gerund is translated as the infinitive into Spanish?
To smoke, you have to go outside. = To here means In order to
Para fumar, tienes que ir fuera
To succeed, we have to work hard.
Para tener exito, tenemos que trabajar mucho.
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Negative infinitive
You have to eat healthy food to don’t get sick. Incorrect
To be or to don’t be. Incorrect
To be or not to be.
You have to eat healthy food (in order) not to get sick.
You have to eat healthy food to not/not to get sick.
To don’t = this structure doesn’t exist
Not to or To not = these are the only options
to not do something = the split infinitive = this is now accepted in the English language. It wasn’t accepted by grammarians a hundred years ago or so.
11
Subject + Verb
The subject should go before the verb in English.
Ojo con verbos Happen, Exist, Occur
Vienen 200 personas = incorrect English
There are coming 200 people = incorrect
vs.
200 personas vienen = correct English
200 people are coming = correct
Pasa este problema mucho = incorrect English
It happens a lot this problem. = incorrect
Este problema pasa mucho = correct English
This problem happens a lot. = correct
Incorrect: It is more important the values = incorrect
Correct: The values are more important
What’s the subject?
The values
Put it in the position of the subject
The pronoun never goes with the noun in the same sentence. It substitutes the noun. It doesn’t go accompany the noun.
12
Relative pronouns: Subject vs. Object
I have some friends that they weren’t very good students = incorrect
that they = 2 words = incorrect
I have some friends that weren’t good students = correct
that = 1 word = correct
Some friends weren’t …
Subject: Some friends + Verb: weren’t
Some friends that weren’t …
Subject: Some friends + Relative pronoun: that + Verb: weren’t…
Not: that they
Only: that
Relative pronoun as the subject of the verb here in this constructions above.
Below, we see the OBJECT case.
I have some friends that they (police) arrested.
This is the team that they (fans) don’t like.
SSV vs. OOSV
1: Have you seen the movie which/that won the last Oscars?
1a: Have you seen the movie which/that they gave the last Oscars to?
2: Do you have a friend who/that gives a lot of gifts?
2a: Do you have a friend who/that people give a lot of gifts to?
3: What should happen to a student who/that bullies others at school?
3a: What should a student do who/that others bully at school?
4: Can you please describe the computer which/that is in your house/office?
4a: How much did you pay for the computer which/that you bought last?
5: Can you name some cars which/that are really expensive?
5a: Can you describe the car which/that you like the most?
13
The role of Prepositions with verbs in the two languages
1: In English = yes vs. In Spanish = no
Look at
Listen to
Wait for
2: In Spanish = yes vs. In English = no
Call
Hit
Kick
3: In both = yes = but the preposition is different
Depend on
Spend on
Consist of
4: In both = yes = the preposition is the same
Go to
Please, add more prepositions to these groups
14
We invite to him = incorrect = we don’t use any preposition here
We invited him
I invited Maria
They invited her
I phoned to his boss = incorrect = we don’t use any preposition here
I phoned his boss
They phoned her
We phoned him
I called to his boss = incorrect = we don’t use any preposition here
I called Maria
They called her
We called him
Invite = official invitation to an event/activity/meal = I would like you to come to xyz.
Vs.
It’s my treat – It’s on me. I am going to pay = Te invito yo = Vamos, pago yo
I would like to treat you to a coffee.
John treated me to a dinner.
Maria treated all her friend to a nice movie.
treat someone to something (noun)
15
What’s the best city that you have been in?
Who is the best boss that you have worked for?
What’s the best company that you have been in?
What’s the most difficult situation that you have been in?
The best company I have been in.
I have been in this company and it is the best ever.
If you say, It’s the best company I have been. (leaving the preposition), this means, tu eres una empresa
You have been in this company, and this is the company that you have been in.
Don’t leave the dependent preposition behind.
I am looking at this thing. This is the thing which I am looking at.
I depend on you. You are the person who I depend on.
This is being looked at.
You are being depended on.
Where are you from?
Who is this for?
Dependant prepositions come at the end of Questions, Relative clauses and Passive sentences.
16
Some essential verbs with the dependent preposition ON
Check out the section in the video that shows the preposition ON.
spend on
focus on
concentrate on
depend on
rely on
count on
More dependent prepositions
17
Verb form (no preposition) vs. Noun form + Preposition
How does the weather affect your mood?
What effect does the weather have on your mood?
This affects that. verb
This has an effect on that. noun
This influences that. v
This has an influence on that. n
This impacts that. V
This has an impact on that. N
You trust him. V
You have trust in him. N
You can access that. V
You can have/give/get access to that. V
We discussed that. V
We had a discussion about that. N
We helped them. V
We gave help to them. N
We clarified that. V
We gave clarification on that. N
Does the verb form have a preposition here? No
Do you have a preposition with the noun form of these verbs with HAVE? Yes
Do we need to make sure that we don’t create a hybrid by putting the preposition after the verb? Yes
This influences on that.
Hybrid Concepts
18
Can you use COULD to represent a frequent ability in the past? Yes
She could visit her best friend whenever she wanted when she was a child.
Can you use COULD to represent an ability at a specific moment that only occurred once in the past? No
She could win the 2022 London Marathon. Incorrect
Can you use WAS/WERE ABLE TO/MANAGED TO/SUCCEEDED IN to represent that specific momentary ability? Yes
She was able to win the 2022 London Marathon. Correct
She managed to win the 2022 London Marathon. Correct
She succeeded in winning the 2022 London Marathon. Correct
There is no difference in the negative forms.
was/were not able to = couldn’t = it’s the same idea
19
Dates
We use ordinal numbers like the first, the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth, the sixteenth etc with dates
Incorrect: today is fifteen of November
Correct: today is the fifteenth of November/yesterday was the fourteenth of November
For dates, do we use normal numbers like 1, 2, 3 or do we use words like the first, the second, the twenty thirds etc?
1st November 2022
Do we read this date as the first of November twenty twenty two/two thousand twenty two? Is the word OF written here? Is it supposed and read without being written?
2nd January 2023
How do you read the date written here above?
Incorrect: nos vemos el 3 de diciembre = see you the three of December
We use ON with days
Correct: see you ON the third of December
20
An egg
An orange
An apple
An + other = Another = one other = irregular spelling = no space
Another car vs. Other cars
Another book vs. Other books
Vs.
The others = noun = los otros = this is not an adjective
Incorrect: another people
Correct: another person vs. other people
An + other = one other = la ortografia es irregular = it’s a singular concept
We don’t see the AN because it’s written together not separately.
Will not
Are not
Should not
Cannot = no space = irregular spelling
An apple
An orange
An egg
vs.
Another
A person is the singular form – People is the plural
Another car – Other cars
Another chair – Other chairs
21
The same that = incorrect
The same as = correct
Incorrect: they are doing things in the same way THAN me
The same way AS
AS means QUE in this case
Correct: they are doing things in the same way AS me
The same as
The same as
The same as
The same as
The same as
The same as
The same as
The same as
22
as good as
as nice as
as bad as
as beautiful as
as wonderful as
as fast as
as slow as
AS + adjective in its original form not the comparative nor the superlative form + AS
23
The husband of my sister = incorrect
My sister’s husband = correct
We use ‘s with people’s possessions not “of the” structure.
24
Every companies = incorrect
Every + singular noun
Every company = correct
Every day
Every car
In Spanish, the idea is a plural idea not singular as in English. Please, be careful when changing this from one language to the other one.
25
Pay + noun = Collocations only = a fixed combination of words
Vs.
Pay for = Products and services
Pay someone for something
They pay me the chair = Incorrect
We pay for products and services.
There are specific collocations with PAY too that don’t use the preposition PAY FOR.
• Pay a bill
• Pay the mortgage
• Pay the rent
• Pay a fine
• Pay a visit
• Pay attention
• Pay by credit card
• Pay cash
• Pay interest
• Pay one’s respects
• Pay someone a compliment
They paid for the ticket for me = correct
We also PAY people for things and services.
I paid the taxi driver 10 Euros for the ride. I paid the bar 2 Euros for the coffee.
Pay for = Products and services
26
The 4 sentence types in English
Watch the vidpeo and do this exercise:
https://www.englishgrammar.org/types-sentences-exercise/
Most students need to work on their use of the English syntax which represents the way sentences are constructed and structured.
The role of the comma and other punctuation marks is also really different in English.
Please, take notes while watching this video and make the necessary adjustments to your style of producing English in written and spoken form.
27
Do vs. Make
Learn the difference using categories!
Do
1: Housework
2: Work/study
3: Taking care of your body
4: Referring to actions generally
vs.
Make
1: Food
2: Money
3: Relationships
4: Communication
5: Plans & Progress
6: Manufacture & build
Watch the video and write examples for each category. Make your own list written with your own hands to bring the list to life. Otherwise, this concept is as dead as a dictionary.
28
Esto no tiene nada que ver con el otro
Does luck have anything to do with a person’s success?
In Spanish = uso 1: to compare – uso 2: to show a link/connection/relationship
1: el nuevo móvil mío no tiene nada que ver con el viejo que tenía. = comparing
2: yo tengo nada que ver con este robo. = showing a connection/relationship not comparing
Vs.
In English = solo el uso 2 existe = to show a link/connection/relationship
1: my new mobile has nothing to do with the old one. = incorrect = este uso no existe en Ingles
2: I have nothing do with this robbery. = correct = only to show a link/relationship not comparing
29
They are not agree = incorrect
They don’t agree
To agree = correct
To be agree = incorrect
I agree. I don’t agree. Do I agree?
You agree. You don’t agree. Do you agree?
She agrees. She doesn’t agree. Does she agree?
He agrees. He doesn’t agree. Does he agree?
It agrees. It doesn’t agree. Does it agree?
We agree. We don’t agree. Do we agree?
You agree. You don’t agree. Do you agree?
They agree. They don’t agree. Do they agree?
30
Gracias en ingles = sin o con la S
Thanks = gracias = con la S
Thanks a lot = Mil Gracias = con la S
A huge thanks = Mil Gracias = con la S
Thanks to you = Gracias a ti = con la S
Vs.
Thank you = Muchas Gracias = sin la S
Thank God = gracias a Dios = sin la S
31
Age
For age, we use the verb to BE and years+old together. We can use only the number or the full expression = years+old
When we say we have 5 minutes, this means that we have 5 minutes to finish something. Using this logic, if you say that you have 18 years, it could mean that you have 18 years to live and after that you will die.
Do we see age as a possession or as something on a timeline connected to the calendar and the clock?
Do we use Have or Be to talk about time?
Incorrect: she has 32 years
Correct: she is 32/She is 32+years+old
Incorrect: with 47
Age is seen on a time timeline, so we are at a point in time.
The verb for age is BE and the preposition for a point in time is AT
Be + At
Correct: At the age of 47 or At 47 years+old
32
In order to
They do this in order to organise themselves. 1 subject + 2 verbs
How many subjects and verbs do we have here?
So that
They have to do this so that they can organise themselves. 2 subjects + 2 verbs
How many subjects and verbs do we have here?
33
12:00 pm = Noon
12:01 = afternoon begins because it is one minute after NOON
Evening = it starts around dusk (anochecer) in the winter and around 6 pm in the summer
When does the afternoon begin in English?
Does it begin after NOON or does it begin after you have had your lunch?
34
To + ing is possible with some verbs
Verbs that have a noun after TO will use the ING form of verbs
I am looking forward to your letter = To + your letter = To + noun
I am looking forward to receiving your reply = To + receiving = To + V + ing
Use the GERUND/ING after verbs that can have a noun after the TO.
You will get used to this concept = To + this concept = To + noun
You will get used to applying this concept = To + applying = To + V + ing
Hay mas verbos en este grupo.
busca To + ing
35
Incorrect: when I was teenager
We have to use A or AN with a singular countable noun
Correct: when I was A teenager
I am A teacher
I am A person
She is AN engineer
She is A good worker
36
him/her = them
Singular They/Their/Theirs/Themselves/Them
We use the Singular THEY concept with indefinite nouns and pronouns. Words like SOMEONE could refer to a man or a woman. We use THEY to include the male and female gender. THEY concept can refer to one person and the two genders.
37
To me vs. For me
To me = related to your emotions etc…
For me = for your benefit etc…
English is important for teenagers because most companies ask for it, but it is not important to many of them as they don’t show any interest.
38
Preposition + Ving
I am thinking about going to the cinema.
She is interested in working at a school.
Each other
They hit each other.
We will help each other
We are talking to each other
They were looking at each other
We have to listen to each other.
They depend on each other.
The preposition or no preposition depends on the verb before EACH OTHER.
between each other = incorrect
one to the other = incorrect
40
Incorrect: one year and a half – one hour and a half = Spanish construction = incorrect
The noun goes at the end
Correct: one and a half YEARS
Two and a half KILOS
Three and a half METRES
Four and three quarter POUNDS
One and a half hours
Two and a half kilos
Three and a half miles
The noun goes at the end
41
These words are countable in Spanish but uncountable in English.
There is no plural form for these. The word NEWS has the S as an integrated part. You can’t remove it. No se puede quitar la S de la palabra NEWSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS. With the other words in this list, you can’t add an S.
A piece of news
A piece of advice
An item of furniture
A source of income
A piece of land
News is like series, species, economics, maths
la S no se puede quitar y no significa el plural
The plural form is expressed using partitive phrases like A piece of, two pieces of, an item of, etc.
42
A collective mistake that all students make in Spain
People is = incorrect
People are = correct
What is the plural of the word PERSON? Please, watch this video and then answer this question.
Gente –> Personas –> People
The word GENTE doesn’t translate easily into English. You have to use a conversion process to translate it properly. Change GENTE to PERSONAS and PERSONAS is PEOPLE, not PERSONS. The word PERSONS is jerga/technical vocabulary. The normal translation of PERSONAS is PEOPLE, PEOPLE, PEOPLE, PEOPLE, PEOPLE
People are
People are
People are
People are
People are
People are
People are
Person – People = Normal English usage = Persona y personas
Vs.
Person – Persons = jerga = una persona juridica y personas juridicas
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Right & Wrong
Who is right and who is wrong?
Are you right or are you wrong?
If you are wrong, can you be right?
If you are right, can they tell you that you are wrong?
What would you do if you were told that you were wrong and you were actually wrong?
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One of the main problemsssss
One of the best carssssss
One of my friendsssss
Uno de varios
One of the + plural
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Partitive phrases in English :
2 glasses of water
2 pieces of land
A lot of pieces of land
Land = terreno = uncountable noun in English but countable in Spanish.
Be careful with this one.
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Put a salary = incorrect
Set a salary = correct
Put = colocar or ponerse onlyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
Poner + Spanish collocations = Set/Give/become
Set the table = poner la mesa
Give examples = poner ejemplos
Set limits = poner limites
Give homework = poner deberes
become angry = ponerse enfadado
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At the end of + noun
At the end of class.
At the end of the road.
Time and place
Vs
In the end, S + V
In the end, we understood.
Es un proceso
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We add with a plus
We subtract with a minus
We multiply by multiplication
We divide by using division
2.135 is two point one three five
We read the numbers separately after the decimal point
We don’t use the definite article THE with percentages
Ten percentage is the double of five percent
The pronunciation is PER not POR in Percent
100 is one hundred with two zeros
1000 is one thousand with three zeros
10,000 is ten thousand with 4 zeros
100,000 is one hundred thousand with 5 zeros
1,000,000 is one million with 6 zeros
We have ten cars not ten of cars
We have 3 hundred cars not 3 hundred of cars
We have 2 thousand cars not 2 thousand of cars
We have 10 million cars not 10 million of cars
No OF with a specific number
But we have thousands of cars, millions of cars
This is just shows lots and lots but not a specific amount
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I usually go cycling to rehabilitate my knee. I am not completely used to cycling for more than a few minutes now, but I am getting used to doing it. I used to cycle for hours before I hurt my leg.
I usually do this. (suelo) (foco en cuantas veces ocurre)
Vs.
I used to do this. (solia) (foco en cuantas veces ocurria)
Vs.
Be/Get used to + Ving = no quites la ING
I am used to doing this. Estoy comodo cuado lo hago. Foco en el confort.
I am getting used to doing this. Estoy en el proceso de hacerme comodo con esto. Foco en el confort.
No olvides la ING
No olvides la ING
No olvides la ING
No olvides la ING
No olvides la ING
No olvides la ING
No olvides la ING
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A large number of + countable nouns in the plural
A large number of cars
a large number of people
vs.
A large amount of + uncountable nouns
A large amount of water
A large amount of money